CONTRACEPTION

PRESENTED BY: BIENVENIDO G. MOTAS II

What is Contraception?
Contraception is the intentional prevention of pregnancy by interfering with the normal process
of fertilization and implantation. There are several different methods of contraception available,
each with varying levels of effectiveness.
BARRIER METHODS
Barrier methods of contraception prevent sperm from reaching the egg by creating a physical
barrier. Examples of barrier methods include condoms (male and female), diaphragms, cervical
caps, and contraceptive sponges. The effectiveness rates for barrier methods vary depending on
the specific method used and how consistently and correctly it is used. The typical use failure
rates range from 12% to 28% per year.
Advantages:
◦ They are readily available without a prescription.
◦ They can protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
◦ They are affordable.

Disadvantages:
◦ They can reduce sensitivity during sexual activity.
◦ They may need to be used in combination with other methods for maximum effectiveness.
◦ They require proper use and may break or slip off during use.
HORMONAL METHODS
Hormonal methods of contraception use synthetic hormones to prevent ovulation, thicken
cervical mucus, and thin the lining of the uterus. Examples of hormonal methods include the
pill, patch, injection, vaginal ring, and hormonal IUD. The effectiveness rates for hormonal
methods are higher than barrier methods, with typical use failure rates ranging from 0.3% to 7%
per year.
Advantages:
◦ They are highly effective if used correctly.
◦ They may provide additional health benefits, such as reducing the risk of ovarian and endometrial
cancer.
◦ They can help regulate menstrual cycles.

Disadvantages:
◦ They require a prescription and regular check-ups with a healthcare provider.
◦ They may cause side effects, such as nausea, headaches, or mood changes.
◦ They do not protect against STIs.
STERILIZATION
Sterilization is a permanent method of contraception that involves blocking or cutting the
fallopian tubes in women or the vas deferens in men. This prevents sperm from reaching the egg
and fertilizing it. The effectiveness rates for sterilization are very high, with typical use failure
rates ranging from 0.1% to 0.5% per year.
Advantages:
◦ They are highly effective and permanent.
◦ They do not require daily maintenance.
◦ They can be used as emergency contraception.

Disadvantages:
◦ They are irreversible.
◦ They require surgery and recovery time.
◦ They do not protect against STIs.
NATURAL FAMILY PLANNING
Natural family planning involves tracking a woman's menstrual cycle to determine when she is
most fertile and avoiding intercourse during that time. It can also involve monitoring cervical
mucus and basal body temperature. The effectiveness rates for natural family planning methods
vary widely, with typical use failure rates ranging from 2% to 24% per year.
There are several different methods of contraception available, each with varying levels of
effectiveness. The most effective methods are hormonal methods, IUDs, and sterilization. Barrier
methods have lower effectiveness rates, but can still be effective if used consistently and
correctly. Natural family planning methods are the least effective, but may be a good option for
some couples. It is important to discuss your options with a healthcare provider and choose a
method that is right for you based on your individual needs and preferences.
Advantages:
◦ It is a non-invasive and natural method.
◦ It does not have side effects.
◦ It can be used to achieve or avoid pregnancy.

Disadvantages:
◦ It requires a high level of commitment and consistency.
◦ It can be difficult to predict ovulation accurately.
◦ It does not protect against STIs.