PREPARATION OF

SALTS
Chemistry
0620
Salt
Ionic compound made by the neutralisation of
an acid with a base or alkali
◦ Formed by the replacement of hydrogen by metal
or ammonium ion
◦ Neutral pH
Naming Salts
• The name of salt has two parts
• The first part comes from the metal, metal oxide
or metal carbonate used in the reaction
• The second part comes from the acid
• For example, hydrochloric acid always produces salts that end in
chloride and contain the chloride ion, Cl-
• Other examples:
• Sodium hydroxide reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce sodium
chloride
• Zinc oxide reacts with sulfuric acid to produce zinc sulfate
Hydrated Salts
Salt that is chemically combined with water.
This water is known as water of crystallisation

o It gives specific shapes to crystals

hydrated copper(II) sulfate ⇌ anhydrous copper(II) sulfate +
water
 SOLUBLE
AND
INSOLUBL
E SALTS
Oxide & Sodium, most are
hydroxides potassium, insoluble
ammonium and
calcium (partially)
 Solubility of Salts
Two things are important in working out the method of salt preparation:

Is the salt soluble or insoluble in water ?

Do the crystals of salt contain chemically combined water as a part of crystal structure ?
You can make salts by reacting acids with
◦ metals
◦ insoluble bases or soluble bases (alkalis),
◦ carbonates.

Preparation of soluble salt

Preparation of Soluble Salts
Method A: adding acid to a solid metal, insoluble base or insoluble carbonate
Method B:Preparation of soluble salt
using soluble carbonate or alkali
 Preparation of Insoluble Salts
◦ They can be made by precipitation
◦ Two soluble salts are mixed together to give insoluble salt