L2 Fungi and Protoctists

1.
2 Fungi and Protoctists Friday, 8th

Friday 1st September 2023 2023
Monday, 28 2023
september August
Biology Chemistry
What are the 7 life processes? What is the name for the chemical
M – Movement reaction in living organisms that
R – Respiration releases energy from glucose using
S – Sensitivity oxygen? What is the word equation?
G – Growth
R – Reproduction
Aerobighc respiration
E – Excretion Glucose + Oxygen 🡪 Carbon Dioxide + Water
I – Internal Control
N - Nutrients
Today Physics
Can you name a type of fungi? What organelle in plants absorbs
energy as light? What is the name of
the green pigment inside the
organelle?
Mushrooms, Yeast, Mould… Chloroplasts
Chlorophyll
How are animal and plant cells different?
Independent learning
1.2 Fungi and Protoctists Monday, 28 August 2023
Learning Objectives:
All: Describe the common features shown by
animals, plants, fungi and protoctists.
Most: Understand the basic differences between
prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms.
Some: Describe the key features unique to plants and
unique to animals.
UAE Link: Dominikia Emiratia discovered in 2017 by scientists in the UAE

All: Describe the common features shown by animals, plants, fungi and protoctists.
Activity: Extension:
As we go through plants, make your own notes to Why does a plant not store glucose?
describe the main features of the four groups.
Plants are multicellular (made of They have chloroplasts, which means

many different cells) that they can photosynthesise and so
produce their own food.
Plants can reproduce sexually or Plants

asexually Their cells have cell walls, which
are made of cellulose
Plants store carbohydrates as sucrose

or starch
SCF: listening skill

Extension:
How is glycogen different to starch?
Animals are multicellular

They can usually move around from one
place to another.
They don’t have chloroplasts and
they can’t photosynthesise – they
need to eat other organisms to get They often store carbohydrate in the form
their food of glycogen
Animals
Their cells don’t have cell walls Most animals reproduce sexually.
Most have some kind of nervous coordination.

This means that they can respond quickly to
changes in the environment.

Some: Describe the key features unique to plants and unique to animals.
Using your
notes create a
Plants Animals
Venn Diagram
that describes
the similarities
and
differences
between
animals and
plants.
SCF: Critical thinking

Cellulose Cell Walls Can’t Photosynthesise Can Change Location Multicellular
Store Carbohydrates Can Photosynthesise

as starch or sucrose
Have Chloroplasts
No Cell Walls
Nervous Coordination
Store Carbohydrates
as glycogen
Eukaryotic
No Chloroplasts
Most: Understand the basic differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms
SCF: Independent learning
Prokaryote Eukaryote Look back at both

Nucleus Absent Present groups.
Membrane-bound organelles Absent Present Are they Eukaryotic
Cell structure Unicellular Mostly multicellular; some or Prokaryotic
unicellular organisms?
Cell size Smaller (0.1-5 μm) Larger (10-100 μm)
Complexity Simpler More complex Animals

DNA Form Circular Linear Plants

Topic 1: The Nature and Variety of Living Organisms

Lesson 103: Fungi and Protoctists

All: Understand that fungi are not plants and do not photosynthesise.
All: Recognise that the protoctista are a diverse group of organisms that don’t fit into other
groups.
Most: Describe the main features of fungi including hyphae.
Most: List examples of protoctists.
Some: Understand that fungi can feed parasitically or saprophytically.
UAE Link:
How is the Emirati Khameer
UAE
bread linked to Link:
Fungi?
Emirati Khameer bread →
Uses instant yeast, the
fungus pictured ←, in its
production.
Fungi live everywhere - the surface of

fruits, in the soil, in water and even on
dust in the air.
Some are single celled, but others have
a structure called mycelium. The
They can not photosynthesise, so
mycelium is made up of hyphae which
they feed off other other organisms.
Fungi contain lots of nuclei.
They reproduce using spores

Their cells have cell walls made
of chitin (a fibrous substance)
Fungi include:
○ Mushrooms, toadstools and moulds ←
They can store carbohydrate as Multicellular
glycogen ○ Yeasts ← unicellular

Hyphae - fine thread-like

filaments found under the soil
Fruiting body - this is the mushroom

or toadstool that we recognise!
Mycelium - the network of (moulds do not have a fruiting body)
hyphae


Plants Animals Fungi
Do they have
chloroplasts?
Can they
photosynthesis?
Do they have cell walls?
What are the cells walls

made out of?
How do they store their

carbohydrate?
Once you have filled in your table, swap it with a desk partner.
- Do you agree with what they have written down?
- If not, discuss between the two of you, can you learn from each other?

How do fungi gain nutrients? SCF: listening skill
• Fungi can gain nutrients in a couple of different ways.

• One of these is by being parasitic – by landing on an organisms,
getting past its defenses and taking nutrients directly from the other
organisms cells.
• The second strategy – and the one we expect you to know about – is
called saprotrophic feeding.
Extension:
Explain the difference between the
saprophytic and parasitic feeding.
Task: Create a flow diagram for the stages of saprotrophic nutrition.
Challenge: Can you explain what would happen to the process of saprotrophic nutrition if the fungus was
taken to a very cold or an extremely hot environment?
The Stages of Saprotrophic Feeding
The hypha grows and

The sugars are branches until the
The fungi release
then absorbed by mycelium cover the
surface the spore spores
the fungus
landed on
The digestive
The hyphae
The spore lands enzymes break
release digestive
and grows into a down and food
enzymes into the
hypha into soluble
surrounding area
sugars
Some: Understand that fungi can feed parasticially or saprophytically.
Saprophytic feeding: Parasitic feeding:

● The fungi release spores. ● Parasitic fungi attack living
● The spore lands and organisms
grows into a hypha ● Penetrate their outer
(single hyphae). defenses,
● The hypha grows and ● invade them,
branches until the ● Gain nourishment from
mycelium covers the living cytoplasm,
surface the spore landed ● This does mean that the
on. parasitic fungi can lead to
● The hyphae release disease and sometimes
digestive enzymes into death of the host.
the surrounding area
that break down any
food into soluble sugars. Activity:
● The sugars are then Create a flow diagram for each of
absorbed by the fungus. the two feeding processes.

Protoctists
Specification Point:
1.2 describe the common features shown by eukaryotic organisms: protoctists
All: Identify protoctists as microscopic single-celled organisms
Most: Understand that protoctists have a variety of features, some are more
like animals and others are more like plants.
Some: Use the knowledge gained about specific examples of protoctists to
synthesise a fact-file about well-known species.
Starter:
Write a definition for a prokaryote.
Extension:
Find out how prokaryotes make copy of themselves.
Extension:
Explain how a protoctist may be
mistaken for a plant cell in detail.
Discuss their features.
These are mostly single celled

and microscopic (very small)
Some are multicellular and quite
Some have chloroplasts and are Protoctists big (seaweed)
similar to plant cells. Others are
more like animal cells or fungal
cells. Flagellum

L2 Fungi and Protoctists

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1.

2 Fungi and Protoctists Friday, 8th

How are animal and plant cells different?

UAE Link: Dominikia Emiratia discovered in 2017 by scientists in the UAE

Plants are multicellular (made of They have chloroplasts, which means

Plants can reproduce sexually or Plants

Plants store carbohydrates as sucrose

SCF: listening skill

Animals are multicellular

Most have some kind of nervous coordination.

SCF: listening skill

SCF: Critical thinking

Cellulose Cell Walls Can’t Photosynthesise Can Change Location Multicellular

Store Carbohydrates Can Photosynthesise

SCF: Independent learning

Prokaryote Eukaryote Look back at both

Complexity Simpler More complex Animals

SCF: listening skill

Topic 1: The Nature and Variety of Living Organisms

SCF: listening skill

Fungi live everywhere - the surface of

They reproduce using spores

SCF: listening skill

Most: Describe the main features of fungi including hyphae.

Hyphae - fine thread-like

Fruiting body - this is the mushroom

SCF: listening skill

Most: Describe the main features of fungi including hyphae.

Do they have cell walls?

What are the cells walls

How do they store their

SCF: listening skill

Most: Describe the main features of fungi including hyphae.

How do fungi gain nutrients? SCF: listening skill

• Fungi can gain nutrients in a couple of different ways.

Task: Create a flow diagram for the stages of saprotrophic nutrition.

The Stages of Saprotrophic Feeding

The hypha grows and

Some: Understand that fungi can feed parasticially or saprophytically.

Saprophytic feeding: Parasitic feeding:

SCF: listening skill

These are mostly single celled

SCF: listening skill

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