Momentum

Jasmine Njoku
 Contents

1 2 3

Linear Momentum Change in Momentum Impulse

4 5

Impulse and Change Principle of Conservation

in Momentum of Momentum
Linear Momentum
• Momentum is the product of the mass and velocity of an object. It has a
magnitude and direction so it is a vector quantity.

Momentum(kg m/s) = Mass(kg) x Velocity(m/s)

ρ = mv

• The SI unit of linear momentum is kilogram meter per second (kg m/s)
 ρ = mv
Example m = 5.0g
Calculate the momentum (Convert g to kg which is the SI unit of mass)
of a football of mass 5.0
grams moving in on the m = 0.005kg
ground at a velocity of v = 50.0m/s
50.0 m/s. ρ = 0.005kg x 50.0m/s
ρ = 0.25kg m/s

The momentum of the football is 0.25kg m/s

Change in Momentum
• The change in momentum is the final momentum minus the initial
momentum.

Change in Momentum = Final Momentum – Initial Momentum

Δ ρ = mv - mu
Δ ρ = Δ mv
Impulse
• Impulse is the sudden force acting on an object for an interval of time.

Impulse = Force x Time

I = Ft

• The unit for impulse is Newton seconds (Ns)

Impulse and Change in Momentum
• Impulse is equal to change in momentum.

F = ma a = (v - u)/t Substitute ‘a’ with its formula

F = m(v - u)/t Simplify
F = (mv - mu)/t Rearrange
Ft = mv - mu

• Therefore, impulse is equal to change in momentum.

Example
A toy car of mass 5 kg a = (v - u)/t
moving with a velocity of a = (30 - 10)/20
10 m/s accelerates
uniformly to the velocity a = 20/20
of 30 m/s in 20 s. a = 1m/s2
Calculate:
(i) the acceleration The toy car accelerates at 1m/s2
Example
A toy car of mass 5 kg F = ma
moving with a velocity F = 5 x 1m/s2
of 10 m/s accelerates F = 5N
uniformly to the velocity
of 30 m/s in 20 s.
Calculate: A force of 5N caused the acceleration
(ii) the force that caused
the acceleration
Example
A toy car of mass 5 kg ρ = mv
moving with a velocity of ρ = 5 x 10
10 m/s accelerates
uniformly to the velocity ρ = 50 kg m/s
of 30 m/s in 20 s.
Calculate: The initial momentum of the toy car was
(iii) the initial momentum 50 kg m/s
Example
A toy car of mass 5 kg ρ = mv
moving with a velocity of ρ = 5 x 30
10 m/s accelerates
uniformly to the velocity ρ = 150 kg m/s
of 30 m/s in 20 s.
Calculate: The final momentum of the toy car is
(iv) the final momentum 150 kg m/s
Example
A toy car of mass 5 kg Δ ρ = mv – mu
moving with a velocity of Δ ρ = 150 – 50
10 m/s accelerates
uniformly to the velocity Δ ρ = 100 kg m/s
of 30 m/s in 20 s.
Calculate: The momentum of the toy car changed by
(v) the change in 100 kg m/s
momentum
Example
A toy car of mass 5 kg I = Ft
moving with a velocity of I = 5 x 20
10 m/s accelerates
uniformly to the velocity I = 100 Ns
of 30 m/s in 20 s.
Calculate: The impulse of the toy car is 100 Ns.
(vi) the impulse Notice how the impulse is the same as the
change in momentum. It is because Ft =
mv - mu
Principle of Conservation of Momentum
• There is a rule that in a closed system or in a situation where we do not
consider external factors, such as friction and air resistance, the
momentum before a collision is equal to the momentum after the
collision. This means that the momentum is never lost.

Total momentum before collision = Total momentum after collision

m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2v2
THANK YOU FOR READING!!
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