BUSINESS

ENGLISH
PROF: TAHA TAYEBI
ACADEMIC YEAR: 2022-2023
 DEFINITION OF BUSINESS ENGLISH

THE IT IS THE A USEFUL BUSINESS IT IS A USEFUL LANGUAGE

LANGUAGE ENGLISH IN LANGUAGE ENGLISH IS A AND PHRASES TO IMPROVE
WHICH IS BUSINESS FOR FORM OF
YOUR SPOKEN/WRITTEN
USED FOR USAGE. GETTING A INTER-
BUSINESS COMMUNICATION SKILLS IN
JOB NATIONAL
SITUATIONS. ENGLISH ENGLISH IN DIFFERENT

BUSINESS SITUATIONS
BUSINESS ENGLISH

• Business English focuses on the vocabulary used in the universe of

commerce, trade, finance, professions, politics and international relations.

• Business English refers to the language for commerce topics asuch as

government and corporate policy, programs, functions and procedures

BUSINESS

• Most businesses seek profit. The achieved revenues exceed the costs of

operating the business.

• Some other businesses seek to earn enough to cover the expenses. They

are called non-profit businesses.

• Doing business requires doing Business Operations.

WHY DO WE NEED BUSINESS ENGLISH ?

• 1- TAKE OUR ENGLISH TO THE NEXT LEVEL

• Business English helps us improve our overall English langauge

ability while targeting areas that help us achieve our goals at work.

• Whatever our reasons may be, learning Business English can

contribute to our professional progress.

• If working effectively in an international environment, improving our

business English vocabulary and knowledge is a must.
WHY DO WE NEED BUSINESS ENGLISH ?

• Generally, Business English will open many doors and bring new career
opportunities.

• Business English courses include vocabulary and phrases used in business and
professional setting, business writing, delivering presentations, giving opinions,
negociating, describing graphs and charts as well as conducting and taking part in
meetings.

• Besides, there are aspects of business English related to teamwork, business

travel, relationships building and preparing for job interviews.
WHY DO WE NEED BUSINESS ENGLISH ?

• Learning Business English will help you improve your existing English skills
as well as build up new knowledge

• On top of that, you will become more confident when speaking English due
to practice and the interactive activities included in a business English course.

• you will be able to hold a conversation on both general and business-related

topics.
WHY DO WE NEED BUSINESS ENGLISH ?

• 2- KNOW CURRENT NEWS AND TRENDS

• In business English sessions, you will frequently work with texts and articles
from real-life newspapers and magazines (so-called authentic materials).

• In other words, you will be exposed to global news and trends in business.

• In addition, your assignments might be related to current news, so you will

always stay up-to-date, acquire lots of general knowledge of the world and
economy and even practice your analytical skills.
WHY DO WE NEED BUSINESS ENGLISH ?

• 3- Understand how the business world works

• As we live in a world of globalization, interconnectivity and intercommunication, there

are business relations between companies from all over the world which makes the need
to use a common language in communication rather obvious and necessary.

• While studying business English, you will learn how international companies collaborate
with one another, how they do business and build professional relationships.

• At the same time, improving your business English skills can have a great impact on
your future career allowing you to advance faster than you have ever expected.
WHY DO WE NEED BUSINESS ENGLISH ?

• 4- Get the job you want

• A good level of business English can help you get the job

• Nowadays, it is compulsory to be able to express yourself confidently

on a variety of topics in business environment if you are seeking for
an interesting and well-paid position.

• Businesses require their employees to have the ability to communicate

freely both in written and spoken English
WHY DO WE NEED BUSINESS ENGLISH ?

• Business English skills enable you to take advantage over your

colleagues or external candidate.

• If you are able to participate in business meetings and

videoconferences, give presentations, negotiate effectively, make
phone-calls and exchange correspondence in English, then you will
have the chance to be picked out for promotion before others in your
department.
WHY DO WE NEED BUSINESS ENGLISH ?

• 5- Sound more professional

• The ability to use specialized vocabulary and phrases confidently and

fluently will make you sound like a real expert.

• You might be a great specialist and get your point across successfully
in your mother tongue.

• However, if you are not able to do the same in English at international

meetings, you won’t be perceived in the same way.
WHY DO WE NEED BUSINESS ENGLISH ?

• Consequently, your value as a professional may decrease while dealing

with people in certain circumstances.

• To avoid such situations, you have no choice but to start working on

your business English level.

• It is crystal clear that giving a lot of importance to perfecting your

business English skills will certainly help you excel at your job at an
international level
To put it in a nutshell

• You should make efforts and dedicate your time to Business English.

• It will pay off.

• Do not pospone it any longer and start as soon as possible.

• The results of your work will be more satisfying and you will finally carry

out your professional goals.

BUSINESS OPERATIONS

• Business Operations can be defined as the activities that businesses engage

in on a daily basis to increase the value of the enterprise and earn a profit.

• The activities can be optimized to generate sufficient revenues to cover

expenses and earn a profit for the owners of the business.

• Employees help accomplish the business’ goals through business divisions

such as production, marketing, finance, and human resources management.

PRODUCTION
• Production is defined as the activity of conceptualizing, designing,
creating or adding value to goods.

• Therefore, the production process is a series of stages that must pass in

producing goods or services

• The production of goods is one of the most challenging tasks a business

owner must perform.

• This process involves going through a long list of steps and procedures to
PRODUCTION

• Some goods are processed and produced manually.

• In recent years, on the other hand, most products are produced

thanks to computers and high tech-machines.
 WHAT IS MARKETING ?

• Marketing refers to the activities a company undertakes to promote the buying or selling

of a product or service.

• Marketing includes advertising, selling, and delivering products to consumers or other

businesses.
 MARKETING

• It is also the process of identifying the goods and services that consumers
need and providing those goods and services making use of the ’’marketing
mix’’ which is known as the 4 Ps (Product- Price- Place- Promotion).

• At its core, marketing seeks to take a product or service, identify its ideal
customers, and draw the customers’ attention to the product or service
available.
FINANCE
• Finance is a term for matters regarding the management, creation, and
study of money and investments.

• It involves the use of credit and debt, securities, and investements to

finance current projects using future income flows.

• Finance can be divided into three categories:

• 1- public finance

• 2- corporate finance

• 3- personal finance
PUBLIC FINANCE

• Public finance includes tax systems, government

expenditures, stabilization policy, debt issues, and other

government concerns.
CORPORATE COMPANY/ FINANCE

• Corporate finance involves managing assets, liabilities,

revenues, and debts for a business

• Corporate finance is concerned with how businesses fund

their operations in order to maximize profits and
minimize costs.
PERSONAL FINANCE

• Personal finance defines all financial decisions and activities of an

individual or household, including budgeting, insurance, mortgage

planning, savings, and retirement planning.

• All businesses must have enough capital available to pay their bills and keep
going, and for-profit businesses seek extra capital to expand their operations
and keep them surviving. Businesses obtain financing through a variety of
means.

• Granting, and collecting on credits or loans

 HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
• (HRM) refers to Human Resource Management which is the practice
of recruiting, hiring, deploying and managing an organization’s
employees.
• A company or organization’s Human Resource Department is usually
responsible for
• 1- hiring and recruiting new/efficient employees
• 2- deciding on the number and the type of employees needed
• 3- responding to conflicts
• 4- arranging trainings for staff and ensuring productivity, and
• 5- creating compensation plans and benefit packages for employees
HOME-ASSIGNMENT

• What are the differences between a

company and corporate ?
BUSINESS
COMMUNICATION
WHAT IS COMMUNICATION ?

• The word Communication has its origin in the Latin word ‘Communis’ which

means ‘to make common’.

• Communication facilitates sharing of common experiences with others.

• It involves sharing of an idea, thought, feeling, or information with others.

WHAT IS COMMUNICATION ?

• Communication is part skill, part art, and part science.

• It is part skill as it involves certain fundamental techniques.

• It is part art as it involves creative challenges.

• It it is part science because certain verifiable principles are involved in

making communication more effective.

WHAT IS COMMUNICATION ?

• Some scholars describe communication as ‘the transfer of meaning’

• Communication has also been defined as a scientific study which

involves the art of communication so that skilled communication can

be produced.
WHAT IS COMMUNICATION ?

• Communication is simply the act of transferring information from one

place, person, or group to another.

• The imparting or exchanging of information can be by speaking, writing,

or using some other media/mediums.

• It is the successful conveying or sharing of ideas and feelings.

WHAT IS COMMUNICATION ?
• Every communication involves at least one sender, a message, and a
recipient.
• It may sound simple, but communication is actually a very complex
subject.

• emotions, places, cultural situations,

the medium and relationships
LEVELS OF COMMUNIXATION
• 1- Intrapersonal Communication
• 2- Interpersonal Communication
• 3- Interpretive Communication
• 4- Presentational Communication
• 5- Small group Communication
• 6- Intercultural Communication
• 7- Organizational Communication
• 8- Mass Communication
• 9- Multimodal Communication
1- INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION

• Is the process by which an individual communicates within

themselves, acting as both the sender and receiver of messages, and

encompasses the use of unspoken words to consciously engage in self-

talk and inner speech.

2- INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION

• Is an exchange of information between two or more people. It is also

an area of research that seeks to understand how humans use verbal

and nonverbal cues (signals such as words, and phrases) to accomplish

a number of personal and relational goals.

3- INTERPRETIVE
COMMUNICATION
• It means communication that focuses on the appropriate cultural

interpersonal of meanings that occur in written and spoken form

4- PRESENTATIONAL COMMUNICATION

• It is another type of one-way communication which facilitates

interpretation by members of another group where no direct

opportunity for the active negotiation of meaning between members of

the two groups exists

5- SMALL GROUP COMMUNICATION

• It refers to interactions among three or more people who are connected

through a common purpose, mutual influence, and a shared identity.

• Different groups have different characteristics, serve different

purposes, and can lead to positive, neutral, or negative experiences.

 6- INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

• It refers to the communication between people from two different cultures.

• It is a symbolic, interpretive, transactional, contextual process in which

people from different cultural backgrounds create shared meanings.

• It also refers to the effects on communication behaviour when different

cultures interact together.

 6- INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

EXAMPLES:

- A Muslim converses with a Christian.

- A woman receives an order from a Man

- An American and African share their views

- A Moroccan politician discusses with an Algerian leader.

7- ORGANIZATIONAL
COMMUNICATION

• Is a broad field that encompasses

all forms of communication that
allow organizations such as
companies, government
agencies, and non-profits to
function, grow, connect with
stakeholders, and contribute to
society.
8- MASS
COMMUNICATION

• Is the process of imparting and

echanging information through mass
media to large segments of the
population.
• It is usually understood for relating to
various forms of media, as its
technologies are used for the
dissemination of information of which
journalism and advertising are part.
9- MULTIMODAL COMMUNICATION
• Is simply a term for describing all the different ways we employ in
communicating with each other on a daily basis.

• This may be via spoken language, texting, tweeting, emailing, handwriting,

body language, and gesturing, or by using a communication device

• For example, understanding a televised weather forecast involves

understanding spoken language, written language, weather specific
language, geography, and symbols.
 PURPOSES OF COMMUNICATION

• TO INSTRUCT: Flowing instructions from one level to another (top-down)

• TO INTEGRATE: Bringing about inter-relationship and unification among

different functions of the organization

• TO INFORM: Updating individuals with particular tasks, procedures, policy

• TO EVALUATE: Examinating activities and judging the worth of a task

 PURPOSES OF COMMUNICATION

• TO DIRECT: Issuing directions to lower levels for better performance

• TO TEACH: Educating workers about personal safety to avert any accidents

or risks

• TO INFLUENCE: Persuading others in order to ensure positive feedback

• TO BRAND: Building and projecting a good image of the firm in society.

THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS

• Communication can best be summarized as the transmission of a

message from a sender to a receiver in an understandable manner.

• From a business perspective, effective communication is an absolute

must, because it commonly accounts for the difference between success

and failure or profit and loss

THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS
• The communication process is made up of four key components.
• 1- Encoding
• 2- Medium of Transmission
• 3- Decoding
• 4- Feedback
THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS
 The sender is an individual, group, or

organization who initiates the The first step the sender is

communication. This source is initially
faced with involves the
responsible for the success of the
encoding process. In order to
message. The sender's experiences,

attitudes, knowledge, skill, perceptions, convey meaning, the sender

and culture influence the message. "The must begin encoding, which
written words, spoken words, and
means translating information
nonverbal language selected are
into a message in the form of
paramount in ensuring the receiver

interprets the message as intended by the symbols that represent ideas or

sender" (Burnett & Dollar, 1989). All concepts.

To begin transmitting the message, the sender uses a
After the appropriate channel or channels are
channel (also called a medium). The channel is the
selected, the message enters the decoding stage of
means used to convey the message. Most channels
the communication process. Decoding is conducted
are either oral or written, but currently visual
by the receiver. Once the message is received and
channels are becoming more common as technology
examined, the stimulus is sent to the brain for
expands. In this case, selecting the appropriate
interpreting, in order to assign some type of meaning
channel will greatly assist in the effectiveness of the
to it.
receiver's understanding
• Feedback is the final link in the chain of the communication process. After

receiving a message, the receiver responds in some way and signals that response

to the sender. The signal may take the form of a spoken comment, a long sigh, a

written message, a smile, or some other actions. Feedback ultimately provides an

opportunity for the sender to take corrective action to clarify a misunderstood

message.
FORMS OF COMMUNICATION

1- FORMAL 2- INFORMAL
COMMUNICATION COMMUNICATION
FORMAL/ INFORMAL COMMUNICATION

• Formal communication happens along prescribed channels (it passes

through line and authority)

• Informal communication flows through non-official channels

(information runs in all directions: Horizontal, Vertical, Diagonal) in

lunch rooms, hallways, corridor, entrance hall…

COMMUNICATION AND ORGANIZATION
STRUCTURE
• FORMS OF COMMUNICATION:
DOWNWARD / UPWARD COMMUNICATION
NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION

• Non-verbal communication not involving words or speech. Thus, non-

verbal communication refers to the wordless messages received

through gestures, signs, body movements, facial expressions, color,

time, and space.

Examples of Non-Verbal Communication
INFORMAL COMMUNICATION
TYPES OF GRAPEVINE COMMUNICATION

• Grapevine communication can be categorized into four

types, depending on its purpose or outcome. These four

types of grapevine communication are single strand chain,

gossip chain, probability chain and cluster chain.

 • This chain is simple as it just doesn’t confuse the
Single chain
recipient. The message is passed from one

person to another until the information reaches

almost all the concerned people.

 Gossip chain

• The name suggests what it is. In

the gossip chain, one person is at
the epicenter of the wheel who
seeks and shares information
with others. It is also called the
Star chain.
Probability/Random chain

• This is a process of sharing information

randomly. The recipients, too, follow a

similar random way of sharing the same

information.
 Cluster chain

• From the famous Ice Bucket Challenge to the latest

#SafeHands challenge, almost every social media

challenge follows the cluster chain process. Here, a

person relays information to a few people, who in

turn pass it on to select people.

BARRIERS OF COMMUNICATION
SUMMARY

• Successful and effective communication within an organization

stems from the implementation of the communication process. All

members within an organization will improve their communication

skills if they follow the communication process and stay away from

the different barriers.

BUSINESS COMMUNICATION
• Good communication skills are considered desirable by employers around the world.
• Business communication refers to all the messages we send and receive in a business
milieu for official purposes:
• - Running a business
• - Managing an organization
• - Conducting the formal affairs of a business meeting
• - Presenting options/ new business ideas
• - Making plans and proposals (business writing)
• - Executing decisions
• - Reaching agreements
• - Sending and fulfilling orders
TAKEAWAYS
• Communication is the life blood of the business. No business can develop in the
absence of effective communication system.

• Communication is what holds an organization together, whatever its business or its

size.

• When people within the organization communicate with each other, it is internal
communication and when people in the organization communicate with anyone outside
the organization it is called external communication.

• Ability to work well in teams, to manage your subordinates and your relationship with
THANK YOU
TAHA TAYEBI
EMPLOYMENT COMMUNICATION

- COVER - RESUME - - GROUP -

LETTER REFEREN DISCUSSI INTERVIE
CE ON W
WHAT IS A
COVER LETTER?

• A cover letter is a letter of introduction,

usually three to four paragraphs in length,

that you attach to your résumé. It’s a way

of introducing yourself to a potential

employer and explaining why you are

suited for a position.

CHARACTERISTICS OF AN EFFECTIVE COVER
LETTER

Cover letters should accomplish the following:

• Get the attention of the prospective employer

• Set you apart from any possible competition

• Identify the position you are interested in

• Specify how you learned about the position or company

• Present highlights of your skills and accomplishments

• Reflect your genuine interest

• Please the eye and ear

 STRUCTURE OF THE APPLICATION FOR A POST

• ❖Address of the applicant and date.

❖The name and full address of the employer or the concern.

• ❖ Salutation.

❖Body of the application.

• Introductory paragraph.

• Details of the applicant in paragraph or paragraphs.

• Concluding paragraph.

• ❖ Complimentary close of application.

• ❖ Signature of the applicant.

 BODY OF THE
APPLICATION FOR A
POST

• The opening paragraph should attract the attention of the reader and
stimulate his interest to read the letter further. (attention grabber)

• It should also be stated whether it is a solicited or an unsolicited

application

• The body should focus on the details of the important points and avoid
talking about unwanted matters.

• It should also be about a bio data of the applicant : educational record,

practical experiences, age, marital status, linguistic qualifications etc.
USEFUL EXPRESSIONS
• • I would like to apply for the post of a System Administrator in your firm advertised in the “Times newspaper” of April

22.

• • I wish to be considered as a candidate for the post of Account Manager which, I understand, has fallen vacant in your

office.

• I would greatly appreciate the opportunity to meet with you to discuss what I have to bring to the position at ABC

company.

• With reference to your advertisement in the “newspaper” of 25th Sept, I offer my candidature for the post of computer

operator in your office.

 USEFUL EXPRESSIONS
• I am writing to express my interest in ......

• I have a very strong interest in pursuing a teaching career.

• I have the pleasure of being acquainted with one of the counselors

• on your staff, name, who let me know about the open position.

• I am writing to express my strong interest in the international marketing position open at WellCam, Inc.

• My proven track record of successfully performing complex analyses on various corporations makes me an

ideal candidate for the analyst opportunity that you have advertised.
FORMS OF BUSINESS OWNERSHIP

1 2
DO YOU WANT TO OWN THE OR, DO YOU WANT TO SHARE
BUSINESS YOURSELF AND OWNERSHIP, OPERATING AS A
OPERATE AS A SOLE PARTNERSHIP OR A
PROPRIETORSHIP? CORPERATION ?
FORMS OF
BUSINESS
OWNERSHIP

LEGAL FORM OF
OWNERSHIP IS BEST
FOR YOU AND YOUR
BUSINESS.
 Many people aim to be business owners as a means
of achieving their highest goals and aspirations.

BUSINESS
OWNERS
It is often advertised that owning your business
will give you the freedom and earnings you would
not be able to achieve by being an employee.
BUSINES
S
OWNERS
 • “Business Owners” is a term that

refers to individuals who establish

BUSINES and operate an entity that is engaged

S OWNER in commercial, industrial, or

professional activities with the

purpose of deriving profits from its

successful operations.
 BUSINESS OWNERS
• - Own the assets of the firm
• - Are the legal proprietors of a business
• - Are usually in charge of making decisions
• - Can opt to work with employees or form partnerships
• - Can also opt to own a business by themselves without any business partners
• - Can choose to be the authority in charge of directing and controlling the
daily operations of the business
• - They can choose to employ a manager for that very purpose or even elect a
Board of Directors to do so.
• Any other individual who is not an owner but is working in the company is considered as

an employee regardless of the position they are assigned in the hierarchy of the

organizational structure

• An individual can be appointed as the chief executive officer (CEO) or the president of the

company and yet, that individual is not the actual owner of the business.
• When you start a business, you have a choice as to how the ownership is legally organized.

• Business ownership can take one of the 3 legal forms:

• 1- Sole Proprietorship

• 2- Partnership

It is important to select the most appropriate form of ownership that best suits your needs and the needs

of your business.
1- SOLE PROPRIETORSHIP

• The word “Sole” means “single” or “one”.

• The word “Proprietorship” means “Owner”.

• A sole proprietorship, therefore, is a business owned by one person.

• It is the oldest and the most common form of ownership.

• Most sole proprietorships are small-business operations, each owned by an

individual who starts the business (entrepreneur).

1- SOLE PROPRIETORSHIP

• A sole proprietorship is an unincorporated business with only one owner

who pays personal income tax on profits earned.

• Sole proprietorships are easy to establish and dismantle.

• One of the main disadvantages of sole proprietorships is that they do not

have any government protection as they are not registered.

2- PARTNERSHIPS
• A general partnership is formed by two or more individuals.
• Like the sole proprietorship, the partners are not separate from the
business.
• A partnership agreement should be created, which states the duties of
each partner.
• Partners make the final decision and how profit and losses will be
apportioned and divided.
• Again, each partner shares in the losses and profits of the business
2- PARTNERSHIPS

• A partnership is an arrangement between two or more people to

oversee business operations and share its profits and liabilities.

• In a general partnership company, all members share both profits and

losses.
 3- FRANCHISE
• A franchise is not a form of business ownership, but it is important to understand its legal status.
• A franchise is a contractual agreement to sell a company’s products or services in a designated geographic
area.
• The franchise is popular in fast-food businesses, such as McDonald’s, Burger King, and KFC, all of
which have franchises.
3- FRANCHISE

• If you start a franchise, you first organize your business as a sole

proprietorship, partnership, or corporation.

• Then, you purchase a franchise from a corporation, such as Burger King.

This corporation is known as a parent corporation.

• Now, you are licensed and the franchise is an asset of your business.
SUMMARY
SUMMARY
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

• An organizational structure is a system that outlines how certain activities

are directed in order to achieve the goals of an organization.

• These activities can include rules, roles, and responsibilities.

• The organizational structure also determines how information flows

between levels within the company.

• A hierarchical organizational chart has the chief executive officer at

the top. The chief operating officer and the chief financial officer are

right below them

TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONAL
STRUCTURES

• BASICALLY, THERE ARE FOUR TYPES OF COMMON ORGANIZATIONAL

STRUCTURES WHICH ARE IMPLEMENTED IN THE REAL WORLD.

• THE FIRST AND MOST COMMON ONE IS THE FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE

1- FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE
• This is also referred to as a bureaucratic organizational structure and
breaks up a company based on the specialization of its workforce.

- Small-to-medium-sized businesses
- Different departments
- A bureaucratic organizational structure
 2- DIVISIONAL STRUCTURE

The second type is common among large

companies with many business units. It is called

the divisional or multidivisional structure. A

company that uses this method structures, its With thousands of products and lines of business, the
company structures itself, so each business unit
leadership team based on the products, projects, or operates as its own company with its own president.
subsidiaries they operate.
 3- FLATARCHY
STRUCTURE
• Flatarchy, a new structure, is the third type and is
used among many startups.

• As the name alludes, it flattens the hierarchy and

chain of command and gives its employees a lot of
autonomy.

• It allows employees from different levels to make

decisions in the organization.

• Companies that use this type of structure have a

high speed of implementation.
4- MATRIX
STRUCTURE
• The final organizational structure
is a matrix structure.
• It is also the most confusing and
the least used.
• This structure matrixes employees
across different superiors,
divisions, or departments
• For example, an employee
working for a matrixed company
may have duties in both sales and
customer service.
MATRIX STRUCTURE

• A matrix organizational structure offers companies an alternative to

the traditional top-down hierarchy as it improves collaboration,

flexibility, and open communication

 THANK YOU
TAHA TAYEBI