FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF

HERBAL MOSQUITO REPELLENT SPRAY

.

By : Miss Taniya Ravikumar Dass

(Roll no.04)
Under the guidance of Prof. M . V. Mane
(M .Pharmacy, Assistant Professor )
CONTENT

• Introduction
• Literature review
• Need of investigation
• Aim and objective
• Plan of work
• Experimental work
• Result and Discussion
• Conclusions
• References
 INTRODUCTION

• Herbal mosquito repellent is a natural substance used to repel mosquitos and

other biting insects.
• It is formulated with plant-based components such as essential oils, herbs,
and botanical extracts.
• Herbal mosquito repellent is a safe and effective technique to avoid mosquito
bites and lower the risk of mosquito-borne infections.
 ADVANTAGES OF HERBAL MOSQUITO
REPELLANTS

 Natural Ingredients:
Herbal repellents contain natural ingredients safer for humans and the
environment than synthetic chemicals like DEET.
 Fewer Chemicals:
Include fewer harsh chemicals, making them friendlier on the skin, especially for
people who are sensitive or allergic.
 Nice Fragrance:
Have nice, natural aromas derived from plant-based chemicals, than synthetic
repellents with their strong, chemical stench.
 Environmentally friendly:
Biodegradable and less damaging to the environment than synthetic.
 DISADVANTAGES OF SYNTHETIC
MOSQUITO REPELLANT

• Chemical Exposure:
Potential health risks associated with extended exposure.
• Skin Irritation:
Adverse reactions to the compounds in synthetic mosquito repellants.
 LITERATURE REVIEW

1) Sanjay Tanaji Shelake et.al (2023) research discussed about a herbal mosquito repellent candle that would
include the essential oil of Lavender oil , Rose water and other natural ingredients and order to repel
mosquitoes in an effective way.
2)Lea Botteri, (2023) this review discusses about mosquito repellents applied on cotton fabric for protecting
people against Anopheles spp and Aedes aegypti using herbal ingredients to enhance user compatibility due to
its advantages over synthetic ingredients.
3)Ruchi S. Shivhare et.al (2018) This paper discussed about the development of mosquito repellent gel
formulations from various natural volatile oils and compared various marketed formulations with natural ones
including on of the most famous formulation in the market i.e. odomos.
4) Ashwin Trivedi et.al, (2018) his paper deals with review about selection and optimization of ingredients,
their characteristics, medicinal properties and comparison with existing coil. It discusses about use of
alternative ingredients than the synthetic compounds used .
5) M. S. N. Ranasinghe et.al (2016) The study discusses about the studies directed towards the development
of safe and efficient herbal mosquito repellent formulations. It suggests using more of herbal ingredients
because of the benefits they possess. This study discusses about safer ude of mosquito repellant without any
side effects.
6) Nandini Rani et.al (2013) Study of Citronella leaf based herbal mosquito repellents using natural binders.
 N E E D O F I N V E S T I G AT I O N :

• Diseases like Malaria, Dengue, and Chikungunya are increasing at alarming rate.
• Therefore, mosquito control and personal protection from mosquito bites are currently the most important measure to control the
disease.
• Use of appropriate mosquito repellent is important to avoid disease. Use of chemical based mosquito repellent which is proved to
be harmful and non-biodegradable is increasing day by day.
• In this study an attempt has been made to formulate and evaluate plant- based mosquito repellent.
• The main advantage of using a plant- based mosquito repellent is that the ingredients used in the formulations are biodegradable,
eco-system and has less side-effect compared to synthetic mosquito repellant.
 AIM AND OBJECTIVES

 Aim:
The primary aim of the present work is to formulate and evaluate herbal
mosquito repellent spray.
 Objectives :
• To prepare herbal mosquito repellent spray .
• To select compatible excipients for preparation of spray.
• To characterize prepared herbal spray.
 PLAN OF WORK

Determining the scope of herbal products.

Selection of drug and excipients

Literature
Pre-Preformulation studies :
Organoleptic properties of drug.
Phytochemical testing of the drug.

Formulation of herbal mosquito repellent spray.

Characterization of prepared herbal spray

• Organoleptic evaluation of herbal spray -
 Colour
 Odour
State.
• Evaluation of Herbal Spray -
 Determination of pH.
 Determination of surface layer uniformity.
 Stability studies
 Testing mosquito repellent activity of mosquito Repellent spray
 Public survey
 DRUG PROFILE

LEMONGRASS

Scientific Name(s): Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf, Cymbopogon flexuosus (Nees ex Stend.) J.F. Watson
Common Name(s): Achara, British Indian Lemongrass, Cochin Lemongrass, East Indian Lemongrass, French Indian
Verbena, Guatemala Lemongrass, Lemongrass, Madagascar Lemongrass, West Indian Lemongrass
Plant part : leaves

 Botany
Scientific name: Cymbopogon citratus
Family: Poaceae
Sub-family: Panicoideae
Genus: Cymbopogon
Kingdom: Plantae
Order: Poales
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS IN CYMBOPOGAN CITRATUS :

CITRAL

GERANIOL CITRONELLA
 •Anti-inflammatory property.
•It may show antioxidant property.
•It may show anti-bacterial property (kills
bacteria).
•It may show anti-fungal property (kills fungi).
•It may show analgesic property (pain killer)

USES: •It may help with malaria.

•It may help lower skin damage).
•It may show anti-helmintic property (kills
parasitic worms).
•It may show caricidal property (kills ticks and
mites).
 MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENTS

 MATERIALS

Sr.No Name of Ingredients Manufactured/Company

1 Cymbopogan citratus Botanical Garden

2 Coconut oil Local market kolhapur

3 Eucalyptus oil Ayurvedic shop

4 Peppermint oil Research lab fine Chem

5 Almond oil Local Market Kolhapur

 LIST OF EQUIPMENTS

SR.NO. EQUIPMENT MAKE AND MODEL

1. Digital electronic Citizen
weighing balance
2. pH meter Lab India
 METHODS

• INGREDIENTS AND THEIR ROLE

Sr.no. Name of ingredients Role

Cymbogan citratus Mosquito repellant

1
Coconut oil Mosquito repellant
2
Eucalyptus oil Insecticide
3
Peppermint oil Mosquito repellant
4
Almond oil Mosquito repellant
5
 METHODS

 Extraction process of LEMONGRASS

Dried , powdered leaves (25gm) + ethanol (75 ml) in RBF

Set heating mantle at 78 ֯ C and boil for 60 mins

The extract is further concentrated using a rotary evaporator

 PREFORMULATION STUDIES

Test for tannins: Black or blue-green color Tannins present

Extract + 20 ml dwt0.1% ferric Chloride

Test for Flavonoids : Orange color Flavonoids present

Extract + 10% NaOH

Test for steroids : Color change to cherry red Steroids present

Extract + CHCl3 + Acetic acid+ conc. H₂S04

Test for alkaloids: Brownish ppt Alkaloids present

Extract + con.H2SO4+ KI

Test for terpenoids: Cherry red color Terpenoids present

Extract CHCl3 + conc. H₂SO4

Test for saponins : No froth formation Saponins absent

Extract + 10ml dw shaken for 20min
Test for glycosides : No Yellow to orange color Glycosides absent
2ml distilled water +extract + sod.hydroxide
Formulation of spray - .

Add all oils and stir continuously & boil 15 mins

Add lemongrass extract

Filter the mixture

Formulation of spray
 METHOD AND PREPARATION

• Formulation of spray
•
Sr. No Ingredient Quantity taken Role

1 Cymbopogan citratus 10 ml Mosquito repellant

2 Coconut oil 4ml Mosquito repellant

3 Eucalyptus oil 2ml Insecticide

4 Peppermint oil 2ml Mosquito repellant

5 Almond oil 2ml Mosquito repellant

( Table No. 3. Formulation of herbal spray )

 EVALUATION OF HERBAL SPRAY

• pH:
The pH of prepared herbal spray in distilled water (10%) was evaluated by using pH paper at room
temperature.

• Surface layer uniformity:

The surface layer uniformity of the liquid was tested to determine whether the essential oils in the
formulation formed a layer on the surface of water.
• Physical evaluation:
The prepared herbal spray was assessed for color , odor and state . The data obtained confirmed the tests.

• Irritancy:
Mark the area (1 cm²) on the left-hand dorsal surface. Then spray was sprayed to that area and time was
noted.then checked for irritancy , erythema if any for interval upto 24 hr and reported.

• Stability Studies:
Stability studies on herbal drugs involve quantitative monitoring of active constituent.
• Testing mosquito repellent activity of mosquito Repellent spray:
The formulated herbal spray was tested for mosquito repellent activity by spraying it on the curtains of hostel
between 7 pm to 10 pm when mosquitoes are mostly seen.

• Public survey:
Community volunteer survey carried out to test the health & effectiveness of formulations at 4 hostels in
selected locality. The results were obtained and systematically analysed.
 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

ü pH:
• The pH of the liquid spray was measured using a pH meter after diluting the
liquid with distilled water. The pH was found to be 6.7 at 25°C.
ü Surface layer uniformity:
• To conduct this test, contaminated water was placed in a beaker, and the
spray solution was added to the surface. The surface was then observed to
determine if a layer formed on the water’s surface.
ü Physical evaluation:
• Color Olive green

• Odor Aromatic

• State Liquid
 CONCLUSION

• Formulation of Herbal mosquito repellent spray was successfully developed that met the
relevant pharmaceutical characteristics.
• The prepared formulations showed good repellancy, good consistency during the study period.
• Stability parameters like visual appearance, nature, and pH of the formulations showed that there
was no significant variation during the study period.
• In the current study, Lemongrass oil showed good mosquito repellent activity in tests.
• As a result, lemongrass essential oil, alone or in combination with those derived from other
mosquito repellent plant species, has the potential to be used in the formulation of mosquito
repellents.
• Furthermore, the formulation is safe, environmentally friendly, inexpensive, simple to apply, and
highly effective against mosquitoes.
• Plants are more potent healers because they promote the repair mechanism in a natural way.
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