Structures

and Forces
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Goals for this topic
1. Look and analyze some
structures around the world
2. Define Structures and Forces
3. How to Classify Structures

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Topic 1: Types of Structures
How do we classify
structures?
Gallery Walk Activity. On your
tally paper, place a…
Check mark if
you’ve been there or
seen it (in real life).

Star if you want to

go there or see it (in
real life).

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Gallery Walk Activity

For each of the 21 structures hung up around the

room, keep track of how many structures you’ve
visited or seen in real life.

We will take a poll at the end to see who’s the

most well traveled!
Bring a piece of paper with you!

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Great Wall of China
China

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 Bee Hummingbird Nest
Cuba

About
1 inch
wide!

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 Eiffel Tower
France

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 Saint Basil’s Cathedral
Moscow, Russia

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 Sydney Opera House
Sydney, Australia

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 Parthenon
Athens, Greece

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 Igloo
Northern Canada – Inuit People

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 Rufous Hornero Nest
South America

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 St. Peter’s Basillica
Vatican City

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 Tower Bridge
London, England

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 Iceberg
Arctic Ocean

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 Taj Mahal
India
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 Confederation Bridge
Northumberland Strait, New Brunswick & PEI

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 Giza Pyramids
Egypt

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 Calgary Central Library
Calgary

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 Machu Picchu
Peru

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 Calgary Peace Bridge
Calgary

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 Mindbender Roller-coaster
West Edmonton Mall

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 THE AVENUE OF THE BAOBABS
Madagascar

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 DMZ Fence
Border of North and South Korea

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 T-Rex
Royal Tyrell Museum Drumheller

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Poll Time
Who’s visited or seen more than two of these
structures?

More than five?

More than 10?

More than 15??

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Structure
• A structure is an object with a definite
size and shape, which serves a definite
purpose or function.
 What is Force?

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FORCE – Push or a pull on an object that
changes motion.

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• A structure must be able to resist forces
• A structure must also be able to support a load (the
weight carried or supported by a structure).

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Classifying Structures
Structures can be classified in two ways:
1. Who built it?
2. How it’s built

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Classifying Structures: Who Built It?

Who Built it?

Natural structures VS Manufactured structures

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Natural Structures
• An object or a structure not made by
people.
• Example:
– Bird’s feather
– Bird’s nest
– Plant
– Sand dune

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Manufactured Structure
• Are structures that are built by
people.
• Some may be modeled after
natural structures.
• Examples:
– Fishing net is modeled after a
spider’s web.
– Velcro is modeled after the
Cocklebur plant.
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 Classification of Structures
Cut and Classify into Groups.

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Two types of structures
• Can you divide the structures in your
envelopes into two different types?
• Structures can be either natural or
manufactured.

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 Way it’s built
Mass Structure Combining
Frame Structure Shell Structure Structures

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 Classifying Structures – How It’s Built
• Structures can be classified by the way that they are
built.
The structure’s design includes:
1. How it is put together
2. How it is shaped
3. The materials it is made up of

Three types of designs:

4. Mass structure
5. Frame structure
6. Shell structure
7. Or a combination of the three
Mass Structures
• Can be built by piling up or forming similar
materials one on top of each other.
• Rely on the size and weight of the materials they
are made with to hold them in place.
• Able to resist strong forces such as wind and
water.
• Its own mass sometimes can cause the soil under
the structure to compress and shift, causing the
structure to become unstable and often collapse.

Examples:
Mountains (piled up sediment or rock).
Snow sculpture (piled up snow).
Brick wall (bricks stacked in rows).

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 Way it’s built
Mass Structure Combining
Frame Structure Shell Structure Structures
Definition

Examples

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Frame Structures
• A type of structure in which a skeleton of
materials supports the weight of the other
parts.
• The skeleton is made of very strong material
that supports the weight of the structure.
• Designed to provide a large volume of
internal “empty space”.
• Load Bearing Walls – walls that support a
frame structure.

Examples:
-Building
-Ladder
-Bicycle Frame
 Way it’s built
Mass Structure Combining
Frame Structure Shell Structure Structures
Definition

Examples

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Shell Structures
• Shell structures use a thin,
carefully shaped outer layer of
material to provide strength and
rigidity.
• They are completely hollow,
strong, and keep their shape.
Examples: Canoe, helmet,
car windshield, & a Pop
bottle
 Way it’s built
Mass Structure Combining
Frame Structure Shell Structure Structures
Definition
Definition

Examples

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 Combining Structures

What do you think this

means?

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 Way it’s built
Mass Structure Combining
Frame Structure Shell Structure Structures
Definition Definition
Definition

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 Classification of Structures
Cut and Classify into Groups.

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Two types of structures
• Can you divide the structures in your
envelopes into the following group?
– Mass Structure
– Frame Structure
– Shell Structure
– Combination Structure

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 4 Corners
Shell Mass Structure

Frame Structure Combined

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 Mindbender Roller-coaster
West Edmonton Mall

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 Saint Basil’s Cathedral
Moscow, Russia

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Great Wall of China
China

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 Rufous Hornero Nest
South America

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Topic 1 –How do we Classify Structures?

• Define: Structure
• Natural vs. Manufactured structures
• What are the three types of designs?

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