Presented By:

Bolima, Czcharina Mae

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 Table of
contents
Proponent

Theory
Basic Philosophy / Concept /
Assumptions /

Group Counseling Tips /

Application of theory in group
counseling

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 Alfred Adler
 Childhood impacts individuals but they
do not need to be analyzed

 He did not believe the instincts and the

past determine or set future behavior

 Having a sense of community improves

our heath and well being (awareness)
February 7, 1870- May 28, 1937
 Behaviors our purposeful Proposed: Individual Psychology

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Adlerian Theory’s Objectives
The main goals, in Adlerian interventions are:
1. Each individual functions with unity of personality
and is indivisible.
2. Human beings are social fundamentally, and
each human has a desire to belong as well as
have a pace of value as an equal
3. Increasing the feeling of community
4. Individual behavior is goal oriented
5. Re-directing the striving for significance
6. Reducing the feeling of inferiority
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When can we use Adlerian theory?
1. Adlerian therapy is an evidence-based on
approach that can be applied successfully in the
treatment of any type of psychological disorder
or mental illness.
2. Adlerian therapy may be used in conjunction
with other therapeutic approaches such as play
therapy, art therapy, and culturally sensitive
counselling, as it best suits the needs of the
individuals involved.
3. An Adlerian approach can be employed with
children, adolescents, adults, individuals,
couples, families, or other groups.
 teleolo
gy
 In short, Adlerians look for continuity or a
Adlerian view of the Person pattern in a client’s life, but the emphasis is
always on the goal-directed nature of behavior.

Holism
phenomenolo
 Individuals are always more than the sum of their
parts.
 Adler was perhaps the first major theorist to stress
 It focus on understanding the whole persons
a phenomenological orientation toward therapy.
within their socially embedded contexts of family,
school, and work.
 Humans are creative beings who decide on their
 More attention to interpersonal factors rather
actions based on their subjective perceptions.
than intrapersonal factors

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community feeling and
social interest
 Community feeling and social interest, derived from
the German word Gemeinschaftsgefühl.
 Community feeling embodies the feeling of being
connected to all of humanity—past, present, and
future—and to being involved in making the world a
better place.
 Social interest refers to the individual’s positive
attitude toward other people in the world; it involves
the capacity to cooperateand contribute (Milliren &
Clemmer, 2006).
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creativity and
choice
 From the Adlerian perspective, humans are not
defined solely by heredity and environment; rather,
these are the foundations, or building blocks,of life.
 The socioteleological approach is grounded on the
notion that we are self- determining beings, which
implies that we have the capacity to influence and
create events.
Example: You are quite a bright boy, but you have some
doubts about yourself. You are not sure you are as good
as you want to be. So you go about reassuring yourself by
proving others wrong. You feel so much better by
comparison. What do you think about that?
 Dreikurs’s therapy was aimed at showing clients that,
although they could not directly change the behavior
of others, they did have the power to change their own
reactions and attitudes toward others.
 superiority or inferiority
feelings
Inferiority feelings are based on our appraisal of
deficiency that is subjective, global, and judgmental
(Carlson et al., 2006).
“To compensate for feelings of
inferiority, we strive for a better
position in life. In Adler’s words,
we strive for superiority, or to
move from a felt minus position
in life to a perceived plus
position”.
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ROLE of
 the
Adlerians place great emphasis family
on family
processes, which play a significant role in the
development of the personality during childhood.
 The climate of relationships among family members
is known as the family atmosphere.
 The family constellation is the social configuration of
the family group, the system of relationships in
which self-awareness develops.
style of
 Our basic concept of self in relation tolife
the world—our
personal orientation toward social living—is
expressed in a discernible pattern that characterizes
our existence.
 Bitter (1995) says that this pattern is called the
lifestyle, or the “story of our life.”
role and functions of group
leaders
1. Facilitate group-process lead each group as if it
were the last.
2. Create a structure that promotes:
• Open interaction
• Confrontation
• Commitment
• Involvement
• Nonjudgmental Acceptance
3. Leaders are active in group process- especially at
the beginning.
 Establish structure by helping members define
personal goals.
 Perform psychological assessments
 Offer interpretation
 Guide group assessment
 Build a feeling of community within the group

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 1
STAGE : ESTABLISHING AND
MAINTAINING COHESIVE
RELATIONSHIPS WITH MEMBERS

 Based on cooperation and mutual respect

 Allows a foundation of cohesiveness and
connection.
Adlerian  Developing this strong therapeutic relationship is
key to successful outcomes.
group  Members are encouraged to be active in group
stages process, they are responsible for their
participation.
 Group environment provides opportunity to work
on issues of trust and strengthen leader/member
relationship.

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 3. Leaders can use many different assessment
techniques such as:
• Family Constellation and their roles with them
• Birth order
2
STAGE : INITIATING A • Relationship difficulties
PSYCHOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION • Dreams
EMPHASIZING THE MOTIVATION IN • Artwork
UNDERSTANDING THE INDIVIDUAL • Early Recollections
(ASSESSMENT)

 Aims at: Understanding member’s lifestyle and

seeing how it’s affecting their current functioning
in life’s many tasks.

 Leader can explore how members are

functioning in work/ social settings and feelings
about themselves and their gender role identities.

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 4. This stage is concerned with helping members
understand why they function the way they do.

3
STAGE : COMMUNICATING TO THE 5. As members experience resistance in themselves,
they can watch others go through the same thing.
INDIVIDUAL AN UNDERSTANDING OF
SELF (INSIGHT)
6. Members and leaders offer interpretation of
1. Views insight as a special form of awareness. underlying motives for people present behavior.
Helps build a foundation for change but is a
means to end, not an end in itself! 7. The interpretations are never forced and are
2. Adlerian’s believe change occurs through offered gently.
present-centered awareness.
• Members must recognize they have options/ Example:
• Could it be that…
choices in regard to their perceptions and
• It seems to me that…
behaviors.
• Perhaps….
3. In groups, awareness is elevated due to feedback
and support of other members
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 4
STAGE : SEEING NEW
ALTERNATIVES AND MAKING NEW
COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL 4. This is the action phase-new decisions are made
CHOICES (ORIENTATION) and goals are modified.

1. Group leaders and members work together to
change incorrect beliefs about self, life, others
and to consider different beliefs, behaviors and
attitudes.
2. Adlerian groups are characterized by how they
try to reorient poor living patterns and teach a
better understanding of principles that lead to
healthy interactions
• And to teach individual how to be more effective
at handling life’s tasks.
5. Members need to set tasks for themselves to
change and do something specific about their
troubles.
6. Encouragement is essential-by both other
members and group leaders.
• The greatest encouragement comes from feeling
that the members have found a place in the
group.

3. The group challenge and encourage members to

take risks and make changes.
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RATIONALE FOR A GROUP APPROACH
1. Based on the idea that problems of
individuals are largely social in
nature.
2. Members learn that their struggles
are interpersonal, their behavior has
social meaning, and their goals are
best understood in a social
framework.
3. Allows for social context where
individual can form a sense of
belonging, social connectedness,
and community.
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Applications: Brief Group Therapy
1. Adlerian group counseling works well with brief
interventions and short-term formats.
2. Criteria:
• Time Limitation
• Counselor directedness
• Focused on desired outcomes
• Symptoms as solutions
• Assignment of behavioral tasks
3. Self-selected goals are formulated once the group
begins and becomes the focus
4. Members decide how they want to use their time.
5. Works well in school-setting
6. Works well with multicultural Populations (it
emphasizes understanding individual within the social
context)
 Thank you!

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