FME

Study Material
Definition of Radio Remote Unit (RRU)
An RRU is a device that connects wireless devices with wireless networks to ensure the transmission and reception of
data, including text messages, and various other forms of communication. In other words, it establishes a connection
between an operator network with mobile devices, cell phones, or other users’ equipment (UE).
The RRU is typically located close to the antenna, commonly on top of the base station. RRUs can amplify, filter, and
receive and transmit RF signals.
Additionally, the RRU unit establishes a connection to the
base station through a bidirectional fiber optic link. A
common public radio interface (CPRI) is this optical
interface link. CPRI is an interface protocol developed by
telecommunications equipment manufacturers, including
Huawei, Cisco, Nokia, and many more.
Note that the RRU helps to reduce losses in coaxial feed
lines. This helps to improve the efficiency of the system and
delivers a significant degree of flexibility in the construction
of cellular sites. This makes it easier to upgrade to new
equipment and devices.
 Functions of RRU
The RRU in a BTS performs some key functions which may include the following:
1.Facilitates the transmission and reception of user signals to and from the base station.
2.Offers seamless support and connectivity for user equipment, including functions such as power
management and signal delay.
3.Controls and processes electromagnetic signals received from the through via a hollow guide known as a
Jumper.
4.Serves as an interface between two different physical links, such as optical and electromagnetic
connections.
5.Manages and controls auxiliary equipment, such as the Remote-Control Unit (RCU), for tasks like
remote electrical tilt adjustment (commonly referred to as RET).
6.Generates and transmits various signals, including but not limited to VSWR, RET, and ACT, among
others.
 RRU Hardware Description

CPRI Port

Here are 2 ports generally named as CPRI0 and CPRI1. However there may be 1’s in some model. The name at suffix may vary. Its
function is to connect to BBU.
RF Port

We say it as a Jumper port. The number of jumper port may vary with model and company’s architecture. At least there is * jumper
port, one of which is for Tx and another for Tx/Rx. The RF port is connected to the Antenna via Jumper Cable.
RET Port

There is at least one RET port for connection to RCU. The connector is mostly DB9 in Huawei and may vary with other company’s. RCU
is connected to the Antenna. RET cable connects the RCU and RRU.

Power Supply Port

There is one port for powering the RRU. Mostly blue and black. Blue is for negative (-) and black is for zero(0). Generally all RRU
operates in -48V.
Ground Port

There is two OT port for the grounding. The ground cable: mostly copper wire, one end is connected to RRU and another end into Bus
Bar near by RRU. Thus it provides the surge and high voltage protection of RRU and thus keeping safe from natural weather and
climates.
Ports and Indicators on RRU panels
 RRU TYPES AND BANDWIDTH
Type Bandwidth
RRU 5512 700/900 MHZ
RRU 5513 1800/2100 MHZ
RRU 5301 2600 MHZ
RRU 5818 2300 MHZ
 BBU (Baseband Unit) Equipment in Telecommunication Networks

In telecommunication networks, BBU (Baseband Unit) equipment plays a critical role in processing and managing data
traffic for base stations. They are considered the "brains" of the base station, responsible for various essential
functions.
A baseband unit (BBU) is a device that interprets Baseband frequencies in telecom systems including computer
networks, the internet, phone networks and radio broadcasting systems. A baseband frequency is a transmission at
its original frequency, before it has been altered or modulated, and it usually has a frequency range close to zero.
Here's an overview of BBU equipment and their roles:
1. Baseband processing:
•BBUs receive radio signals from antennas and convert them into digital signals that can be
processed by the network.
•They perform tasks like demodulation, decoding, error correction, and
encryption/decryption of data.
•BBUs also extract user data from the signals and format it for transmission to the core
network.
2. Resource management:
• BBUs allocate radio resources (time slots, frequencies) to various users in the cell.
• They ensure efficient utilization of spectrum and optimize performance for all users.
• This involves scheduling data transmissions, managing handovers between cells, and controlling power levels.
3. Protocol processing:
• BBUs handle communication protocols used for exchanging data between base stations and the core network.
• They implement protocols like IP (Internet Protocol), TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), and UDP (User Datagram Protocol).
• This ensures interoperability and smooth data flow across the network.
4. Network management:
• BBUs monitor and manage the performance of the base station.
• They collect statistics, diagnose problems, and generate reports for network operators.
• This allows operators to identify and address network issues proactively, ensuring optimal network performance.
5. Mobility management:
• BBUs track the location of mobile devices and manage handovers as they move between cells.
• This ensures seamless connectivity for users on the go and prevents service disruptions.
Types of BBU equipment:
1. Centralized BBU (C-BBU): A single BBU unit manages multiple base stations in a centralized location.
2. Distributed BBU (D-BBU): BBUs are distributed closer to the base stations for increased flexibility and scalability.
3. Cloud-RAN (Radio Access Network): BBUs are virtualized and hosted in the cloud, enabling dynamic resource
allocation and efficient network utilization.
Impact of BBU technology:
• Increased network capacity: BBUs enable more users to connect simultaneously and handle higher data traffic volumes.
• Improved network performance: BBUs ensure efficient resource allocation and optimize network performance for
better user experience.
• Enhanced scalability and flexibility: BBU technology allows for flexible deployment options and easier network
expansion.
• Reduced costs: Virtualization and cloud-based solutions offer cost-effective BBU deployment and management.
Overall, BBU equipment plays a crucial role in telecommunication networks by managing data processing, resource
allocation, and network performance. As technology evolves, BBUs will continue to be essential for supporting the
increasing demand for connectivity and high-speed data transfer.al threats in an increasingly connected world.