Reading

Textbooks
and Note Taking
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•
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Note taking from reading
Cornell note taking system
Concept mapping
• Abbreviations for speedy note taking
 How to organize notes from reading
Page layout
At the top of the page: bibliographic information
Under bibliographic information: set two
columns
• Use the first column for notes based on the
reading. This section may include:paraphrase
information from the original text,
(paraphrasing means rewriting someone
else's ideas in your own words)a summary of
ideas or informationquotation (reproducing
the exact words of an author)
• Use the second column for your comments
about what you read. What you write here
will depend on your purpose for reading.
Your comments are important because they
can provide context—If reading for an
assignment, you can focus on how this
information relates to the assignment, or
reflect on how or where you would use it in
the assignment.
Tata letak halaman
Di bagian atas halaman: informasi bibliografi
di bawah informasi bibliografi: atur dua kolom
• Gunakan kolom pertama untuk catatan
berdasarkan bacaan. Bagian ini mungkin
mencakup:memparafrasekan informasi dari teks
aslinya, (parafrase berarti menulis ulang gagasan
orang lain dengan kata-kata Anda
sendiri)ringkasan ide atau informasikutipan
(mereproduksi kata-kata persis dari seorang
penulis)
• Gunakan kolom kedua untuk komentar Anda
tentang apa yang Anda baca. Apa yang Anda tulis
di sini akan bergantung pada tujuan Anda
membaca. Komentar Anda sangat penting karena
dapat memberikan konteks—Jika membaca untuk
suatu tugas, Anda dapat berfokus pada bagaimana
informasi ini berkaitan dengan tugas tersebut,
atau merenungkan bagaimana atau di mana Anda
akan menggunakannya dalam tugas tersebut.
Example
 Benefits of taking good notes
 mengatur ide-ide Anda
 organize your ideas
 tetap fokus saat membaca
 stay focused while reading
 mencatat apa yang Anda baca sehingga Anda dapat
 record what you read so you can find it again
menemukannya Kembali

 note down what you think while reading

 catat apa yang Anda pikirkan saat membaca

 think critically about what you read

 berpikir kritis tentang apa yang Anda baca

 analyze a text
 menganalisis sebuah teks

 engage more effectively with what is you read

 terlibat lebih efektif dengan apa yang Anda baca

 interesting links to other research

 menarik tautan ke penelitian lain

 draw conclusions highlighting areas where you need

 menarik kesimpulan menyoroti bidang-bidang yang
to develop further
perlu Anda kembangkan lebih lanjut
Note Taking Tecnhniques
 Use key words
Use terminology appropriate to the disciplei.e. technical terms, numbers,
equations, words of degree (more, least, faster) Key words trigger your
memory, making them powerful review tools

 Use pictures and diagrams

Make visual relationshipsCopy all diagrams from the bookCreate your own
diagrams Note Taking Techniques

 Use label,number,date,all notes

Use standard abbreviations Be consistent with your abbreviations May be
helpful to have a symbol keyAvoid vague/ambiguous abbreviations
Cornell Note Taking
The Cornell Note-Taking System, developed by Walter Pauk, is a structured
method for taking and reviewing notes that aims to enhance understanding and
retention of information. This method is designed to facilitate the process of
learning by encouraging active engagement with the material and promoting
deeper understanding through reflection and review.

Sistem Pencatatan Cornell, yang dikembangkan oleh Walter Pauk, adalah

metode terstruktur untuk membuat dan meninjau catatan yang bertujuan untuk
meningkatkan pemahaman dan penyimpanan informasi. Metode ini dirancang
untuk memfasilitasi proses pembelajaran dengan mendorong keterlibatan aktif
dengan materi dan mendorong pemahaman yang lebih dalam melalui refleksi
dan tinjauan.
 CORNELL METHOD OF NOTE
TAKING
■ On each page of notes, draw a vertical line 1.5" from the left edge of the
paper. In the left hand column, write key words, clues and sample
questions.
■ In the right hand column, write out processes, concepts, definitions...

■ Pada setiap halaman catatan, gambarlah garis vertikal 1,5" dari tepi kiri
Book kertas. Di kolom sebelah kiri, tulis kata kunci, petunjuk dan contoh
pertanyaan.
title ■ Pada kolom sebelah kanan, tuliskan proses, konsep, definisi...
 1. Divide the paper vertically by drawing a line from top to bottom about 2" from
the left side of the page.
2. Write on one side of page only. Write student name, course, date & page
number at top of each page.
3. During REVISION, record the main ideas& concepts on the right side of the
page (notes column

1. Bagilah kertas secara vertikal dengan menggambar garis dari atas ke bawah sekitar 2"
dari sisi kiri halaman.
2. Tulis pada satu sisi halaman saja. Tuliskan nama siswa, mata kuliah, tanggal & nomor
halaman di bagian atas setiap halaman.
3. Pada saat REVISI, catat gagasan utama& konsep di sisi kanan halaman (kolom catatan
EXAMPL
E
Benefit of cornell note taking
Benefits of Cornell Notes Manfaat Catatan Cornell

1. Your notes are organized 1. Catatan Anda terorganisir

2. You review your notes every day 2. Anda meninjau catatan Anda setiap hari

3. You can quickly and easily identify key terms and concepts. 3. Anda dapat dengan cepat dan mudah mengidentifikasi istilah
4. Your notes become a study guide to help you prepare for the
exam.
5. Visual patterns provide a framework for recall.
6. Encourages deductive reasoning-moves information from
general to specific
dan konsep utama.
4. Catatan Anda menjadi panduan belajar untuk membantu
Anda mempersiapkan diri menghadapi ujian.
5. Pola visual memberikan kerangka untuk mengingat kembali.
6. Mendorong penalaran deduktif—menggerakkan informasi
dari umum ke khusus
 Concept
Mapping
What are concept maps?
A concept map is a way to visually display the relationships between different concepts, ideas,
and pieces of information. Concept maps are hierarchical, with one main idea or focus
question and several sub-topics, key concepts, and related ideas.

Although they look similar, concept maps are not the same as mind maps. Concept maps are
generally more robust visualizations, with additional context and connections between ideas.

Concept maps work very well for classes or content that have visual elements or in times
when it is important to see and understand relationships between different things. They can
also be used to analyze information and compare and contrast.
 Concept Map Features
• The focus question or main idea is the problem you're trying to solve. The focus question should be
front and center in your concept map, with ideas branching from it.
• A concept is simply an idea or piece of information. Concept maps help you organize ideas and identify
how they relate.
• Linking words and phrases, called connectors, describe the relationship between concepts. Without
linking words, the ideas in a concept map would lack connection and context.
• Cross-links connect ideas on different areas of your map, often tying together two concepts that once
seemed entirely separate.
• When two concepts connect with a linking word or phrase, they form a propositional structure. These
statements provide meaning and inspire insights into the focus question.
• Concept maps have a hierarchical structure. Generally, the broadest, most general concepts are at the
top of the map, with specific, detailed concepts below. A clear hierarchy helps your concept map flow
and makes it easy to read.
• A parking lot is a word bank of concepts you intend to include in your concept map. A parking lot helps
you generate initial ideas without immediately knowing where they fit on your mind map.
 Examples of Example 2: This example illustrates the relationship
Concept Maps between ideas that are part of a process, such as a
Food Chain.

Example 1: This example illustrates the

similarities and differences between two ideas,
such as Series and Parallel Circuits. Notice the
similarities are in the intersection of the 2 circles.
Example 3:
This example
illustrates the
relationship
between a
main idea,
such as
climate
change, and
supporting
details.
Example 4: Outlining is a less
visual form of concept mapping,
but it might be the one you’re
most familiar with. Outlining by
starting with high-level course
concepts and then drilling down
to fill in details is a great way to
determine what you know (and
what you don’t know) when
you’re studying. Creating an
outline to start your studying will
allow you to assess your
knowledge base and figure out
what gaps you need to fill in.
You can type your outline or
create a handwritten, color-coded
one.
 How to Make Concept Maps
Creating concept maps is easy. Start by identifying a concept or focus question at the top. Then, using lines and arrows,
add information that flows from the focus. Follow these steps for making a concept map:
• Identify your main topic
Select a focus question or main idea. That should be a broad concept with many subtopics to explore. This main idea will
be at the top or center of your concept map and guide its hierarchical structure.
Example: What should we do for our next marketing campaign?
• Identify key concepts
Key concepts are the first tier of information branching off from your main topic. These ideas can vary in specificity, and
it helps to list them out in order of broadest to most detailed. This list of key concepts is your parking lot, a place to put
ideas before organizing them in the concept map.
Examples: Marketing platform, audience, product, goal, social media, Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Mailchimp
• Organize and connect the key concepts
Begin to move key concepts from the parking lot to the concept map, starting with the broadest ideas that connect directly
to your main idea. Use linking words to establish the relationship between different concepts.
• Finalize the map with formatting and fact-checking
Make sure your linking words make sense and add cross-links to connect concepts in different areas of your map.
• Revise concept map as necessary
Concept maps are dynamic and intended to grow as you generate more ideas. Feel free to edit or add to your concept map
whenever you think of a new idea.
 Benefits of Concept Mapping
Concept maps are a great tool for idea exploration and visualization. Still, there are hundreds of ways to explore
and visualize ideas—so what makes concept mapping better than other brainstorming methods and tools?
● Helps you see the big picture
When trying to solve a problem, it's easy to get stuck on details and forget the bigger picture of what you need to
accomplish. Concept mapping encourages you to zoom out and start with a broader perspective before diving
into the details.
● Appeals to different learning styles
Many popular strategic planning tools and frameworks are based around written exercises, which can be tedious
for visual learners. Studies also show that visualization can help with memory retention. Concept mapping is
visual by nature, helping visual learners participate and thrive.
● Makes complex ideas easy to understand
Concept maps provide a hierarchical framework and structure to organize ideas, breaking down complicated
concepts into smaller pieces. Not only is this helpful as you generate ideas, but it makes it easier to present a
large amount of information in a dynamic, connected way.
● Promotes collaboration
Although concept mapping can be a solo activity, it's great for idea generation within a team or group. Concept
mapping helps teams synthesize ideas from diverse contributors who each bring their unique and valuable
perspectives to the table.
 Abbreviations
for speedy
note-taking
Abbreviations for speedy note-taking are
shortened forms of words or phrases that can
save time when you're jotting down information
quickly. These abbreviations can be acronyms,
initialisms, or shorthand symbols that represent
common words or phrases.
Here are some examples:

1. w/ - with
2. b/c – because
3. e.g. - for example Using
t
4. i.e. - that is c a n h h e s e a b b re
el v
5. info – information fa s t e r p y o u t a k e i a t i o n s
,e n
6. approx – approximately l e ct u r s p e c i a l l y d o t e s
e, u
7. min - minimum or minute e v en t a m e e t i n g r i n g a
w ,o
8. max – maximum b e i n g h e r e i n fo r r a n y
p re s e m
9. vs – versus n t ed q a t i o n i s
u i ck l y
10. Q – question .
11. A – answer
12. diff – difference
13. @ - at
14. ASAP - as soon as possible
15. TBA - to be announced
16. TBD - to be determined
17. FYI - for your information
18. etc. - et cetera (and so on)
19. w/o – without
20. N/A - not applicable