ADDRESS MAPPING

Prepared by group 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS

01 02 03
Definition Methods Types
Purpose Static Mapping ARP

Functionality Dynamic Mapping RARP

Definition

Address Mapping is a process of

mapping(associating) a logical
address to its corresponding
physical address in a computer
network and vice versa.
Purpose
• To route a packet from a source host to a destination host, we need to establish
two connections between the two hosts: physical connection at the physical
level achieved by physical address(MAC address) and routable connection at
network level achieved by logical address(IP address).
• The physical address is unique to a LAN but not on the internet, however the
logical address is unique universally. Thus, we need an address mapping
mechanism to relate these addresses and that’s where the concept of Address
Mapping comes in.
Functionality

● Directions and navigation: Address mapping is essential for digital maps and
navigation systems.
● Mail and package delivery: By associating an address with its specific
location, postal service providing companies can easily locate and
accurately deliver mail and packages to the intended recipient.
Static vs Dynmic Mapping
Static Dynamic
mapping Mapping
Each connected device in a network maintains refers to the concept where each time a
routing tables or a network association machine finds either of the two
between logical address and the corresponding addresses, it can use a protocol to find
physical address. the other one.

Thus, the source host knows the logical Automatically assign IP address using
address of the destination host and it accesses DHCP.
the physical address by referring to the routing
table.
Limitations
static
Mapping
A machine could change its NIC, and thus
the physical address that is hardcoded to the
NIC changes too.
Some LANs, such as Local Talk, prompts
the connected device to change its physical
address every time the computer is turned
on.
Mobile computer can move from one
physical network to another, resulting in a
change in its physical address.
It must be updated periodically.
dynamic mapping
Multiple devices trying to use the
same IP address at the same time
can lead to inconsistencies and
conflicts.
Manual intervention may be
required to resolve the issue.
Dynamic mapping can be slower
and less efficient than static
mapping.
Devices must constantly request and
receive new IP addresses from the
router.
 ARP(address resolution protocol)
● Mapping Logical to Physical Address : ARP Anytime a host or a router has an IP datagram to send to
another host or router, it has the logical (IP) address of the receiver. The logical (IP) address is obtained
from the DNS if the sender is the host or it is found in a routing table if the sender is a router. But the IP
datagram must be encapsulated in a frame to be able to pass through the physical network.

● This means that the sender needs the physical address of the receiver. The host or the router sends an
ARP query packet. The packet includes the physical and IP addresses of the sender and the IP address of
the receiver. Because the sender does not know the physical address of the receiver, the query is
broadcast over the network.

● Every host or router on the network receives and processes the ARP query packet, but only the intended
recipient recognizes its IP address and sends back an ARP response packet. The response packet contains
the recipient's IP and physical addresses. The packet is unicast directly to the inquirer by using the
physical address received in the query packet.
 RARP( revers address resolution protocol)
● Mapping Physical to Logical Address: There are occasions in which a host knows its physical address, but
needs to know its logical address. This may happen in two cases:
● 1. A diskless station is just booted. The station can find its physical address by checking its interface, but it does
not know its IP address.
● 2. An organization does not have enough IP addresses to assign to each station; it needs to assign IP addresses on
demand. The station can send its physical address and ask for a short time lease
●
● Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP) finds the logical address for a machine that knows only its physical
address. Each host or router is assigned one or more logical (IP) addresses, which are unique and independent of
the physical (hardware) address of the machine. To create an IP datagram, a host or a router needs to know its
own IP address or addresses. The IP address of a machine is usually read from its configuration file stored on a
disk file.
Limitations of RARP
● RARP protocols Relies on a dedicated RARP server, which can come a single point of failure.

● RARP does not provide any authentication or security mechanisms, making it susceptible to spoofing and
unauthorized IP address assignments.

● Because of these limitations nowadays, RARP is replaced by DHCP.

Any
question?