2.

The Spanish Empire

Spanish
Colonization
Gateway to the New World
Who were the
Conquistadores ?
 Who were the
Conquistadores?

 “To get rich, and not til the soil like a peasant."
 “To serve God and His Majesty, to give light to
those who are in darkness, and to grow rich, as
men desire to do.”
 “We Spaniards have a disease of the heart that
only gold can cure.”
Cortez in Mexico

Hernan Cortez (1485-1547)

“To get rich, and not til the soil like a peasant."

Month march – burning ships

1519 – Allied Aztec Enemies

A peaceful coup turned violent

Defeat of Tenochtitlan

2 year struggle

Priests eaten by
dogs

Cortex becomes
1st governor of
New Spain
Francisco Pizarro

1531 – Led 168 Conquistadores into South America

Pizarro
Subdued the Incas in Peru
 Spanish Missions

Centrality of the Catholicism

Tying Catholicism to the

“civilizing mission”
Encomienda

A socioeconomic system

Christianization – labor and tribute

Land (soldier) – priest – underclass

 Bartolome
de las Casas

“What will the Indians think about the God of

the Christians with their heads split, their hands
amputated, their intestines split open? Would they
want to come to Christ’s sheepfold after their
homes have been destroyed, their children
imprisoned, their wives raped, their cities,
devastated, their maidens deflowered, and their
providences laid waste?
1539 -1542

600 cut to 300

Vs. Huguenots in FLA

and S. Carolina the
1560s
Spanish Mission System
1542 – Juan Rodriquez Cabrillo – explores the California coast
Pueblo Revolt
 By 1630 – 50 Catholic
Churches claiming 86,000
Pueblos had been
Christianized
 In 1680 19 villages rebelled
against forced Christianity.
 Mutilated and executed
priests
 Spanish Lose New Mexico
for 12 years
New Mexico
 250 Colonists
 18 months from Mexico
City
 Hopis and Zunis
 No gold – religions
conversion
 Racial legacy of
intermarriage
 Spanish Caste System

 Spanish
 Spanish born in Americas
 African Slaves, Mulattoes, and Mestizo
 Indigenous
El Camino
Real
The Columbian Exchange
 50 years after Cortez entered Mexico – violence and disease
Golden Age of had brought the population to 10 percent of what it was
when Columbus first landed.
Spain King Charles became one of the most powerful monarchs in
the world
 The
Protestant
Reformation
Who was
Martin
Luther?
Luther’s Germany
John Calvin 1509 - 1564

John Calvin
The 5 solas