Energy Resources & Energy

Transfers
 Forms of Energy
List the main forms of energy...
 Objectives
• Identify the main forms of
energy.

• Construct energy transfer

diagrams, identifying useful and
wasted energy transfers.
 Conservation of Energy
The law of conservation of energy states
 Forms of Energy

Light Sound

Heat Kinetic
 Forms of Energy

Electrical Chemical Potential

Elastic Gravitational
Potential Potential
 Forms of Energy
Estelle Mrs Snewin

Sister Florist

Gravitational
Chemical Potential
Daughter Mum Potential
Sound
Electrical
Energy
Elastic
Potential
Same person/thing Heat
seen in different forms Kinetic Light
 Forms of Energy
Copy and complete the following table:
Useful Energy Wasted Energy
Device
Transferred Transferred
 Kinetic
Electrical
Elastic
Potential
Sound

Light
Heat

Gravitational Chemical
Potential Potential
 Objectives
• Construct Sankey diagrams to
show how much energy is
transferred as different forms.

• Calculate efficiency.
 Sankey Diagrams
• Old-style light bulb...
10 cm 

9 cm 
Heat
100 J 90 J
Energy


10 J


Electrical
Light
Energy Energy
 Sankey Diagrams
Draw a Sankey diagram to show:
• A kettle which transforms 1000 J
of electrical energy into 900 J of
heat energy in the water and 100
J of wasted heat and sound
energy.
 Kettle
Heat
Energy in
Water
10 cm 

1000 J 900 J


Electrical 100 J
Energy
Wasted Heat &
Sound Energy
 Sankey Diagrams
Draw a Sankey diagram to show:
• A toaster which transforms 1000 J
of electrical energy into 300 J of
heat energy in the bread and 700
J of wasted heat and sound
energy.
 Toaster

Heat
10 cm 

300 J Energy
in bread
1000 J
700 J


Electrical
Energy
Wasted Heat &
Sound Energy
 Sankey Diagrams
Draw a Sankey diagram to show:
• A hair dryer which transforms
1000 J of electrical energy into
500 J of kinetic energy, 100 J of
heat energy in the hair, and 400 J
wasted as heat and sound energy.
 Hair Dryer

Kinetic
10 cm 

Energy
500 J
1000 J
400 J


Wasted Heat &

Electrical 100 J Sound Energy
Energy
Heat Energy
in Hair
 Efficiency
Efficiency is a measure of how much of
the energy that is transferred during a
process goes towards doing something
useful.
usefulenergyoutput
efficiency
totalenergyinput
e.g. a filament light bulb converts 100 J
of electrical energy to 10 J of light
energy and 90 J of heat energy.
Calculate the efficiency.
 Efficiency
usefulenergyoutput
efficiency
totalenergyinput
1. A new energy efficient light bulb converts
100 J of electrical energy to 60 J of light
energy and 40 J of heat energy. Calculate
the efficiency.
2. A kettle transfers 4000 J of electrical
energy into 3920 J of heat energy in the
water, and 80 J of energy wasted as sound
and heat in the surroundings. Calculate the
efficiency.
 Objectives
• Calculate the kinetic energy of
objects.

• Calculate the gravitational potential

energy of objects.

• Explain how to convert between

the two and identify the wasted
energy transfers.
 Kinetic Energy

Mass
Mass
Mass
Mass
Mass
–– 215
–9.11x10
–227
620
–000
e
5.97x10
kgkg
kg kg
-31
Velocity
Velocity
24
kg
Velocity
-
–Velocity
–0.16
Velocity
180
– 570
mph
mph
–mph
–30
/7.6x10
/ 0.07
80
km/s
/ 255
m/s
m/s
6
m/s
m/s
Kinetic Energy

e -
 Kinetic Energy
• The amount of kinetic energy an object
has can be found using the formula:

Kinetic energy = ½ x mass x velocity squared

(J) (kg) (m/s)

KE
KE = ½ mv 2
½ m v2
 Kinetic Energy
Example:
1. Calculate the velocity of an F1 car with a
mass of 600 kg and a KE of 874 800 J.

2. Calculate the mass of an athlete running with

KE 1600 J at 8 m/s.
 Kinetic Energy
1. Emily drives her car at a speed of 30 m/s.
If the combined mass of her and the car is
1000 kg what is her kinetic energy?
2. Catia rides her bike at a speed of 10 m/s.
If the combined mass of Jessica and her
bike is 60 kg what is her kinetic energy?
3. Dan is running and has a kinetic energy of
750 J. If his mass is 60 kg how fast is he
running?
4. George is walking to town. If he has a kinetic
energy of 150 J and he’s walking at a pace
of 2 m/s what is his mass?
 GPE
• Why is it harder to climb than to fall?.
 GPE

Mass – 15 kg Height – 6 m Mass – 60 kg Height – 5 m

Mass – 5 kg Height – 7 m Mass – 6 kg Height – 10 m

 GPE
• Gravitational potential energy is the
energy stored when an object increases
in height.

GPE = mass x gravitational field strength x height

(J) (kg) (N/kg) (m)

GPE
GPE = mgh
m g h
 GPE
1. A 10 000 kg aeroplane takes off and
ascends to a height of 1000 m. How
much gravitational potential energy has
been transferred to the plane?
2. A skateboarder (80 kg) starts a run by
rolling 3 m down a half pipe. How much
GPE has been transferred?
3. A man (90 kg) moves from the 3rd floor
of a building to the 5th floor. The
height between each floor is 3 m – how
much GPE is transferred?
Which Has More Energy?

Mass: 5 kg Mass: 50 kg
Height: 12 m Velocity: 25 m/s
Which Has More Energy?

Mass: 20 g Mass: 1000 kg

Height: 3 m Velocity: 0 m/s
 Which Has More Energy?

Mass: 500 000 kg Mass: 1.67x10-27 kg

Height: 10 000m Velocity: 297 000 000 m/s
Which Has More Energy?

Mass: 80 kg Mass: 80 kg
Height: 29 m Velocity: 21.5 m/s
GPE & KE
 GPE & KE
• Mr. Snewin is rather careless and he
drops his laptop out of the window, 1 m
above the ground. The laptop has a mass
of 3 kg; how fast will it hit the ground?
• GPE = mgh = 3 x 10 x 1 = 30 J
• As the laptop hits the ground all of the
GPE has been converted to KE. GPE = KE
• GPE = KE = 30 J = ½ mv2.
• v2 = 30/ ½ m = 30/1.5 = 20
• v = √20
• v = 4.5 m/s
 GPE & KE
• A 70 kg base-jumper has an
unfortunate experience as he leaps
off a 50 m building and finds his
parachute won’t open.
• How fast will he hit the ground if
his back-up parachute doesn’t work?
– Find GPE.
– Find KE.
– Rearrange and find v.
 GPE & KE
• Any moving object will have ______ energy.
• Any object moved to a ______ position will
gain ______________ potential energy.
• When an object such as a pendulum is
released the _________ energy is
transformed to ________ energy.
• The object cannot reach the same _______
again due to some energy being wasted as
_____ and ______.
Words: height weight higher lower
heat potential gravitational
kinetic kinetic sound
 Extension
• Using the equations for GPE and
KE, prove that all objects will
fall at the same speed, and
that mass has no effect on this
speed.
 Objectives
• Calculate the work done in
moving objects.
 Work Done
• When any object is moved around work will
need to be done on it to get it to move
(obviously).
• We can work out the amount of work done in
moving an object using the formula:
Work done = Force x Distance Moved
(J) (N) (m)
W
W = Fd F d
 Work Done
1. Jennifer pushes a book 5 m along the table
with a force of 5 N. She gets tired and
decides to call it a day. How much work did
she do?
2. Megan lifts a laptop 2 m into the air with a
force of 10 N. How much work does she do?
3. Gemma does 200 J of work by pushing a
wheelbarrow with a force of 50 N. How far
did she push it?
4. Savannah cuddles her cat and lifts it 1.5 m
in the air. If she did 75 J of work how
much force did she use?
 Recap Questions
1. How much kinetic energy would Richard have
if he travelled at a speed of 5 m/s and has a
mass of 70 kg?
875 J
2. Olivia does some work by pushing a box
around with a force of 1 N. She does 50 J
of work and decides to call it a day. How
far did she push it?
50 m
3. A lift with a mass of 500 kg rises through
10 m. How much GPE does the lift gain?
50 000 J
 Power
• Power is defined as the rate of energy
transfer; i.e. how much energy is transferred
every second.
• We can work out power using the formula:

Power = Energy Transferred / Time

(W) (J) (s)
E
P = E / t P t
Dr. Octopus

Mass: 110 kg
 Power
1. A drill is used for 8 seconds and transfers
2400 J of energy. What is the power rating
of the drill?
2. Jenny uses a 500 W toaster for 2 minutes to
make her breakfast. How much energy did
she use?
3. Sarah uses a 3 kW kettle and transfers a
total amount of 450 000 J of energy. How
long was the kettle on for?
Energy to drive a car 60 miles: 250,000,000 J

Energy stored in 1 litre of petrol: 34,000,000 J

Energy used by the human body for 1 day: 10,000,000 J

Energy in 1 unit on electricity bill (costs 15p): 3,600,000 J

Energy in a typical chocolate bar: 1,000,000 J

Energy to boil 1 L of water, from freezing: 500,000 J

Energy stored in a peanut: 25,000 J

Kinetic energy of a fast-moving cricket ball: 1000 J

Energy stored in one new AA battery: 1000 J

Energy from burning one whole match: 1000 J

Energy to lift up an apple by one metre: 1 J

Energy to make the human heart beat once: ½ J

Energy to press key on computer keyboard: 1/100 J

 Quiz!
1.What is the gravitational field
strength on Earth?

A. 10 N/kg
B. 1 N/kg
C. 1 kg/N
D. 10 kg/N
 Quiz!
2. What is the formula for
calculating work done?

A. Work Done = Force / Distance

B. Work Done = Force x Distance
C. Work Done = Distance / Force
D. Work Done = Force x Mass
 Quiz!
3. How much work is done if a 30 kg
mass is lifted through 2 m?

A. 60 J
B. 15 J
C. 150 J
D. 600 J
 Quiz!
4. How much gravitational potential
energy does a 30 kg mass gain if
it is lifted through 2 m?

A. 60 J
B. 15 J
C. 150 J
D. 600 J
 Quiz!
5. How much kinetic energy does a
5000 kg car have when moving at
10 m/s?

A. 250 000 J
B. 500 000 J
C. 125 000 J
D. 1 000 000 J
 Quiz!
6. A light bulb transfers 3600 J of
energy in one minute. What is the
power of the bulb?

A. 100 W
B. 40 W
C. 60 W
D. 80 W
 Quiz!
7. How much energy does Amy’s
800 W microwave transfer in 3
minutes?

A. 800 J
B. 4.4 J
C. 2400 J
D. 144 000 J
 Quiz!
8. A cheetah runs at a top speed of
32 m/s, and has a kinetic energy
of 30 720 J. What is the mass of
the cheetah?
A. 30 kg
B. 60 kg
C. 90 kg
D. 120 kg
 Quiz!
9. A 80 kg man runs up the stairs
and gains 4800 J of GPE. Each
floor is 2 m high. How many
floors did he climb?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
 Homework Reflection
• I am good at/need to improve:
– Using KE and GPE equations.
– Rearranging KE & GPE equations.
– Applying the law of conservation of

energy.
Energy Resources
 Coal Power Stations

Chemical Electrical
Heat Energy Kinetic Energy Kinetic Energy
Potential Energy Energy

stored in in the in the in the in the

the fuel water. water turbines cables.
and the
generator
Solar Power

Electrical
Light Energy
Energy

from the in the

Sun cables.
 Wind Power

Electrical
Kinetic Energy Kinetic Energy
Energy

in the wind in the in the

turbines cables.
and the
generator
Hydroelectric Power

Gravitational Electrical
Kinetic Energy Kinetic Energy
Potential Energy Energy

stored in in the in the in the

the water water turbines cables.
and the
generator
 Tidal Power

Gravitational Electrical
Kinetic Energy Kinetic Energy
Potential Energy Energy

stored in in the in the in the

the water water turbines cables.
and the
generator
 Wave Power

Electrical
Kinetic Energy Kinetic Energy
Energy

in the in the in the

water turbines cables.
and the
generator
 Geothermal Power

Electrical
Heat Energy Heat Energy Kinetic Energy Kinetic Energy
Energy

in the in the in the in the in the

ground water water turbines cables.
and the
generator
 Biomass

Chemical Electrical
Heat Energy Kinetic Energy Kinetic Energy
Potential Energy Energy

stored in in the in the in the in the

the water. water turbines cables.
biomass and the
generator
 Nuclear

Chemical Electrical
Heat Energy Kinetic Energy Kinetic Energy
Potential Energy Energy

stored in in the in the in the in the

the fuel water water turbines cables.
and the
generator
 Energy Resources Chart
• Create a “Top Ten” of energy
resources.

Coal Gas
Nuclear Hydroelectric
Wind Biomass
Solar Geothermal
Wave Tidal
 Energy Resources Poster
• By the end of the lesson create
a poster showing:
– The energy transfers.
– The advantages.
– The disadvantages.
– A rating out of 10 for how useful it
is for the UK.
– A rough diagram showing how it
works.
 Objectives
• Explain how heat is transferred
by conduction.

• Explain why free electrons make

metals better conductors.
 Heat Energy
Thermos Flasks
Conduction
Conduction
 Conduction
• Heat transfers by conduction.
• The energy is passed on by particle
vibrations.
• As particles are closer together in
solids they are better at passing on the
energy.
• Metals contain free electrons.
• These electrons can move from atom
to atom, passing on the energy quickly.
 Conduction
• Conduction is the transfer of ____ by
________.
• When you heat a substance the _____
have more _______ energy.
• Atoms vibrate and ‘pass on’ ______.
• _____ are better __________ of heat
due to free _______.
Words: vibrations conductors heat
kinetic electrons atoms
Metals energy
 Objectives
• Explain how heat is transferred by
convection.
 Density
• How much mass there is in a certain
amount of space.
Heat

Heating & Same Mass, Less

Expansion. More Space. Dense.
 Convection
• Heated liquid rises up.
• Colder water moves in to replace it.
• This sets up a convection current.
 Convection
• Convection is the transfer of heat
through _____, i.e. _______ & ______.
• When heated they ______ due to larger
particle ________. This makes the hotter
fluid less _____.
•The less dense fluid _______ and cooler
fluid ____ to take its place.

Words: expand falls liquids

vibrations gases dense
fluids rises up
 Conduction & Convection
Similarities Differences
 Convection
• How does this heater heat the entire
room?
 Convection
• How do fridges keep cool?
 Objectives
• Explain how heat is transferred by
conduction, convection, and radiation.

• Explain how heat loss can be

minimised.
Radiation
 Using Radiation
Make Three Lists:
1. How black surfaces are used.
2. How silver surfaces are used.
3. How we make use of objects giving
out different amounts of
radiation, e.g. a house.
 Radiation
• Dark, matt colours absorb and emit
thermal radiation.
• Light, shiny surfaces reflect
thermal radiation.

Infrared Challenge
 Radiation
• Radiation is the transfer of ____ as
_____________ ______. Thermal
radiation is also known as ________
radiation.
• ______ surfaces emit more radiation that
______ surfaces.
• ____, _____ surfaces are the best
emitters and _________ of radiation.
_____ _____/______
•Words: infrared black surfaces are the
hotter cooler
best _________.
silver heat waves shiny white
absorbers reflectors electromagnetic dull
 House Insulation
Double Glazing
Air Space/ Glass
Vacuum
 House Insulation
Loft Insulation

Fibre Glass

Pockets of
Trapped Air
 House Insulation
Cavity Wall Insulation

Cavity (space)
Insulation between walls.
 House Insulation
Draught Proofing

Gaps around
doors/windows.
 Chapter 13 Questions
1. a) Torch
 Chapter 13 Questions
1. b) Lighting a Candle
 Chapter 13 Questions
1. c) Rubbing Hands Together
 Chapter 13 Questions
1. d) Bouncing on a trampoline
 Chapter 13 Questions
2. a) Electric Lamp


Light 1.2 cm
1200 J


3600 J Energy


3.6 cm


Electrical


Energy Heat 2.4 cm
Energy
2400 J


 Chapter 13 Questions
2. b) Washing Machine


Kinetic 1.2 cm
Energy


1.2 MJ



8 MJ
8 cm

Electrical
6 MJ Heat Energy 6 cm

Energy



0.8 MJ Wasted Heat


& Sound 0.8 cm
Energy


 Chapter 13 Questions
3. a) Kettle


10 kJ Heat 0.1 cm

Energy in Kettle




400 kJ


350 kJ
4 cm

Heat Energy 3.5 cm

Electrical
in Water
Energy




40 kJ Wasted Heat & 0.4 cm

Sound Energy

 Chapter 13 Questions
3. b)
 Chapter 13 Questions
4.
 Chapter 14 Questions
4.