LESSON 2:

DEVELOPING THE
WHOLE PERSON
 AT THE END OF THIS MODULE, I CAN:
• Discuss the relationships among physiological, cognitive,
psychological, spiritual, and social development to
understand my thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
• Evaluate my own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
• Show the connections between thoughts, feelings, and
behaviors in actual life situations.
 PHYSICAL OR PHYSIOLOGICAL
AND THEIR IMPLICATION
• You started to experience various body
changes when you were around 13 years old,
which is the onset of adolescence for most
children. Girls start their growth spurt earlier
than boys, but boys eventually grow taller than
girls.
• Also, boy’s muscles grow larger than girls, so
that after adolescence boys are usually
physically stronger than girls.
• And when you stand in front of a mirror,
you will see that your body size in terms
of your height and weight has rapidly
increased and you are approaching to
attain your fully bodily growth. Your
thin and long trunk when you were an
older child has broadened at the hips and
shoulders .
• You will see your arms and legs be
seemingly in the right proportion to your
hands and feet when you reach puberty.
• Moreover, you can notice physical
changes in your sex organs, which are
your primary sex characteristics. The
boy’s gonads rapidly grow bigger for
a year during early pubescence.
• Similarly, shortly after rapid changes
in the testes, the penis also grows
markedly.
• Boys come to know that there is production and
release of sperm, spermarche, when they
experience nocturnal emissions or wet dreams.
This is indication that their male reproductive
organs have become mature in function and that
they are already capable of reproduction.
• In girls, the uterus, fallopian
tubes, ovaries, and vagina,
grow rapidly during puberty.
Menarche, or the first
menstrual period marks a girls
sexual maturity and is
indicative of her capacity to
be pregnant.
• Both boys and girls experience markedly rapid
physical development because of the hormonal
changes that take place in the body. Androgens
and estrogens are hormones or chemical
substances produce by endocrine glands that
actively affect physical growth and development.
•Androgens- or male sex hormone
capable of developing and maintaining
masculine characteristics in
reproductive tissues.
•Estrogen- female sexual characteristics.
•Testosterone is an androgen that is
strongly associated in the physical
maturation of boys . Increased level of
testosterone in males is related to
changes in height, deepening of voice
as well as sexual desires and activities.
•On the other hand estradiol is an
estrogen that is strongly associated
in the physical development of
girls. Such as widening of hips, and
breast and uterine development.
 Physical changes for boys around puberty

• Height and muscle growth - You will get taller and

stronger and start to grow muscle.
• Acne - You may develop acne.
• Voice changes - Your voice will get deeper.
• Hair growth - Body hair starts to grow around the
pubic area, legs, under the arms and on the face.
• Physical changes for girls around puberty

• Breast Development. Girls usually begin puberty

between the ages of 8 and 13 years old. ...
• Body Hair. ...
• Vaginal Discharge. ...
• Periods. ...
• Increase in Height. ...
• Wider Hips. ..
•More so, sebaceous glands and
apocrine glands become more active
during this stage; the former cause acne
and other skin problems, and the latter
produce perspiration that results, at
time in body odor.
•Body-Cathexis or the degree of
satisfaction or dissatisfaction with
one’s body
•As more physical changes takes place
among adolescents their concerns about their
physical appearance may also increase.
•Some teenagers are too self-conscious to do
even simple activities as such some
teenagers have low self-esteem and lack
self-confidence.
•To be able to cope well during this
stage, you need make some
adjustments on how you view the
things that are happening inside and
outside your body.
• You may put emphasize maintaning physical
hygiene to reduce acne and body odor,
performing physical exercises and avoid
becoming fat, and doing others ways to attain
physical attractiveness.

• Yet it is only through self-acceptance that you

become brave enough to face the “whole you”
COGNITIVE CHANGES AND
THEIR IMPLICATIONS
HAVE YOU EVER ASKED
YOURSELF HOW AND WHY YOU
THINK THE WAY YOU DO RIGHT
NOW?
•Prefontal cortex- which is involved in
decision- making, reasoning, and controlling
one’s emotion
•Amygdala- the seat of your emotions such as
anger, sadness, and happiness, matures much
earlier than the prefontal cortex.
• Further, teenagers begin thinking more often about the
process of thinking itself or metacognition.

• Metacognition involves knowing when you know,

knowing when you don’t know, and knowing what to
do when you don’t know. In other words, it involves
self-monitoring and correcting your own learning
processes.
• Moreover, cognitive development
during this stage is characterized by
thinking which is not anymore limited
to a single scope; rather thinking
means looking at a situation through
more complicated lenses and seeing
them as relative.

• Thus, you tend to ask a lot of questions

not only about yourself, but also about
everything in your environment.
• You are no longer comfortable with
simple explanations, but you look for
deeper meaning of things. This is why
you begin to question policies, rules,
norms.
• At home some of the adolescents
express their doubts about their parent’s
ways of raising them as well as the
principles and beliefs of their families.
• You may tend to compare the parenting styles at
home and that your peers. As such, you get
confused with a lot of things and your curiosity to
prove things to your self increases.
• As such you are encouraged to pause and study
the situation before making decisions.
 PYSCHOLOGICAL OR
EMOTIONAL CHANGES AND
THEIR IMPLICATIONS
NAME YOUR EMOTIONS
• As transition period, adolescence has
often been describe as a period of
“storm and stress” (Hurlock, 1982).

• Teenagers experience a lot of

emotional ups and down.
• Easily excited with some
situations.
• Tend to easily show your irritation.
• Although there are adolescents who
experience the emotional storm and
stress in this period, most adolescents
are emotionally from time to time.
For example, adolescents may be
happy with their relationships with
their boyfriends, but they would get
easily affected with just the slightest
problem.
• Also, being envious of others who
possess more material things is
common among adolescents.

• Emotional maturity should be

achieved by the end of adolescents.
One indicator that you have finally
attained emotional maturity is when
you know how to express your
emotions in socially acceptable
manner.
 8 WAYS TO BECOME MORE
EMOTIONALLY MATURE
1. Identify your emotion
2. Take responsibility
3. Find a role model
4. Keep a thought diary
5. Learn to be open- minded
 8 WAYS TO BECOME MORE
EMOTIONALLY MATURE
6. Embrace reality
7. Pause and be patient
8. Live in the present.
 “ Yesterday is gone
tomorrow has not yet come
we have only today. Let us
begin.”
 SOCIAL CHANGES DURING
ADOLESCENTS
• Social pressures and demands add to the stress and
storm of the adolescence years. You need to make social
adjustments to overcome challenges.
• Your attitudes, speech, interest, appearance, and
behavior are heavily influenced by your peers, as you
spend more time outside your home in teenage years.
• Peer acceptance becomes very important. As you go through
adolescence you may prefer friends and intimate
relationships. Also, you become curious about relationships
with the opposite sex and experience physical attraction to
them.

• You begin to look for a relationship wherein you are

comfortable sharing your feelings and experience.
• Thus, peer pressure, or the or the expectation that
you comply with the norms of your peer group, is
commonly experienced. This is shown when you
are easily influenced by others.
• You give in to drinking alcoholic beverages and
learn to smoke to avoid being labeled as “kill joy”
or “KJ”.
• Also, instead of studying your lesson after class,
you may join your friends to play computer games
or stroll in the mall. They may even “unfriend” you
on social media if you do not join them in drinking
session.
• Some adolescents even cut classes, take illegal
drugs, and perform sexual activities with their
peers because of peer pressure. It is, therefore,
important that you should choose your friends
wisely.
Further, the more you participate in social
gatherings, the more competent you become,
which is manifested by your ability to carry
on conversation, behave properly in front of
people and have to share your talents.
• Moreover, choosing a leader who would represent
the peer group is important for teenagers. As
such, they want leaders who admired, and
respected by others and a god reflection of their
peer group.
• To successfully make social adjustments, you
need to enhance your social skills. To cope well
with social pressures, however you should also
learn to clarify your boundaries.
 REFLECT UPON!
1.Why is it important to clarify your
boundaries or limitations in your
relationship with your peers?
2.How do you cope with social pressures.
MORAL/SPIRITUAL CHANGES
AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS
• Moral development
starts with obeying your
elders when you were a
child to more internal
moral thinking during
adolescents.
• According to Kohlberg, adolescent should have
attained the postconventional reasoning or have
develop moral reasoning based on the universal
human rights.
• Also when faced with a moral dilemma,
adolescents must be able to stand on what their
personal conscience dictates them to do.
•During this stage, critical thinking about
how the world is usually ran by adults. And
you want to validate established norms by
experimenting on them yourself. You want
to build your own moral codes, which you
will use as bias in judging what is right and
wrong.
• These moral codes include your own personal and social
codes that guide you to control your behaviors and act
accordingly. Your values as well as your religious and
spiritual views affect your commitment to this set of codes,
which also influence the clarity of your values
• Hence, having developed a sound conscience or the inner
force that makes external controls unnecessary (Hurlock)
plays an important role in assuming responsibility in your
life.
 Such a personal journey may be lot
smoother when you know what roads to
travel and which crossroad to take, and
committing one’s self to do good.
 RELATIONSHIP OF
THOUGHTS, FEELINGS
AND BEHAVIORS
• Your thoughts, feelings, and actions interplay with one
another. Your thoughts determine your mood or
emotions. You act upon what you think and feel. Your
way of thinking is influenced by persona, familial, and
social experiences which may not all be positive.
• Automatic Negative Thoughts (ANTs) or anxiety-
provoking thoughts that just seem to come into our mind
without any bias, which can make you feel sad, hopeless,
and angry.
Example
You failed in math quiz and your automatic
negative thought was “I cant di math” I’m just not
good in this course. As a result, you feel sad about the
result and afraid of the subject, you also feel
demotivated to study your math lessons. Hence you
skip attending the subject.
• Further, you may be also nurturing ANTs
unconsciously. The more you believe them, the more
pessimistic and unhappy you become. The more you
believe that you are dumb because you failed a math
quiz, the more you become anxious and afraid to learn
the lessons.
• Or you do not have the confidence to talk with your
teacher. More pitifully, such thoughts may stop you
from solving other problems.
• Hence, the way to overcome these negative feelings
is to challenge your negative thoughts. Remember
that ignoring your negative thoughts would nir drive
them away.
• To be able to challenge your negative thoughts, you
need to acknowledge them first. In being aware of
them.
•When you take charge of the way you think
and deliberately choose what thoughts to
entertain, you control your emotions and how
to express them. An emotionally stable
teenager knows how to let off emotional
steam in a socially acceptable manner.
(Hurlock)