GENETICALLY MODIFIED STEM 201 and

ORGANISMS
STEM 202
06/03/2024

GROUP PRESENTATION
on
My Dog: A Recipe of
Traits
(50 pts) SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT
2
 OBJECTIVES:
06/03/2024

Given the necessary materials, 75% of the students

should be able to:
a.Describe Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO).
b.Explain how GMOs are produced.
c.Give some examples of GMO's.
d.Identify the benefits and harms of GMOs.

SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 3

06/03/2024

ENERGIZER
GENETICALLY
MODIFIED ORGANISMS
(GMOs)
SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 4
06/03/2024

What Fast Food

Chains, Brands of
Foods has the following

LOGOS?
SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 5
06/03/2024

CHILI'S SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 6

06/03/2024

GREENWICH SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 7

06/03/2024

CHOWKING SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 8

06/03/2024

KFC SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 9

06/03/2024

PRINGLES SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 10

06/03/2024

WENDYS SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 11

06/03/2024

QUAKER OATS
SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 12
06/03/2024

DEL MONTE SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 13

06/03/2024

BASKIN ROBINS
SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 14
06/03/2024

10

SUBWAY SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 15

06/03/2024

SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 16

06/03/2024

CLASS DISCUSSION
on
GENETICALLY
MODIFIED ORGANISMS
(GMOs)
SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 17
06/03/2024

GEN. BIO 2 STEM 201 and STEM 202

SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 18
06/03/2024

Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)

• genetics have been manipulated
artificially
• doesn’t occur naturally via
recombination or natural breeding
process
• GMOs must have inheritable changes
in their genetics (US Department of
Agriculture) SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 19
06/03/2024

Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)

• Organisms whose genome has been
manipulated artificially
• Crops, flowers, medicinal and
decorative plant species, animals
and microorganisms
• CROPS are commonly modified

SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 20

06/03/2024

HISTORY OF GMO
(1973) Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen
cut a kanamycin-resistant gene from one bacterium and inserted it into a
plasmid of another bacterium transferring the kanamycin-resistant trait

(1977) Genetech Company

 The GM E. coli species capable of encoding human insulin hormone
name as "HUMULIN". US FDA approved the use this INSULIN,

SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 21

06/03/2024

(1974) Rudolf Jaenisch

Transgenic mouse, GM mouse with heritable characters was first
developed in 1984

(1983) Antibiotic-Resistant Tobacco Plant

 First GM Plant through Agrobacterium spp.

(1988) First GM strain of Pseudomonas syringae was released into the

environment for the first time.
SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 22
06/03/2024

(1992) GM modified virus-resistant tobacco plant

First GM crop cultivated commercially. Produced and cultivated by
China.

Flavr Savr
 first GM tomato be approved and cultivated

(2015) AquAdvantage Salmon fish First GM animal to be approved

and used as food

SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 23

 There are THREE BASIC METHODS of transferring the selected
06/03/2024

labeled genes into target organisms

DIRECT TRANSFER
 Common and simple techniques, low efficiency and success rate
 DNA or genes are first edited or labeled before transferring
 Genetically engineered /or coated DNA fragments are delivered to gametes, seeds or developing
embryos by several techniques
 Bombarding with pressurized helium, electroporation, microinjection, heat shock

Transgenic Mice Production-Microinjection

SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 24

06/03/2024

USE OF VECTOR
Uses several viral or bacterial species as vectors
to transfer genes into target organism's genome.
Agrobacterium mediated recombination, viral
recombination, phage-mediated recombination
are used to transfer genes.

SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 25

06/03/2024

SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 26

06/03/2024

DIRECT EDITING OF EXISTING DNA

Uses editing and gene targeting tools like CRISPR-
Cas9 and nucleases associated gene editing techniques
like TALEN ( transcription activator-like effector
nucleases)
To edit the genome of the target organisms.
Modify the genome to produce certain traits.
SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 27
06/03/2024

CRISPR ( Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short

Palindromic Repeats)

• straightforward method of locating a specific

piece of DNA within a cell
• modify that portion of DNA
• turning genes on or off without affecting their
sequence
SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 28
06/03/2024

Two major components of CRISPR

Cas-9 enzyme
• functions as a pair of "molecular scissors" that
can cut the two strands of DNA at a specified
spot in the genome, allowing for the addition
or removal of bits of DNA.

SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 29

06/03/2024

gRNA (guide ribose nucleic acid)

is a fragment of RNA
 RNA protein is related to DNA
is intended to locate and attach to a specific
sequence in the DNA.
 contains RNA bases (A, U, G, and C) that are
complementary to the target DNA bases (A, T, G, and
C) in the genome. 30
06/03/2024

SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 31

 Applications of CRISPR editing in plants
06/03/2024

• Tropic Biosciences, located in the United Kingdom, has created a

naturally decaffeinated gene-edited variety of coffee beans. Using
CRISPR, the firm was able to switch off the genes that drive the
beans to produce caffeine.
• Scientists in Brazil and Ireland are using CRISPR to create the
world's first naturally spicy tomato. Many of the genes essential
to create capsaicin, the chemical that gives chili peppers their
spiciness, appear to be present in tomatoes.
SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 32
06/03/2024

• In the Netherlands, another research group is

utilizing CRISPR-Cas9 to change the DNA of
wheat in order to delete the gluten gene, making
it appropriate for celiac. (Celiac illness is caused
by consuming gluten-containing foods.)

SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 33

06/03/2024

• At Hudson River Biotechnology in the Netherlands,

scientists are employing CRISPR-based gene editing for
specific trait development for improving speed and efficiency
in plant breeding.
• At Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in New York, CRISPR
is being used to make tomato plants with branches that are
designed to sustain the weight of ripe tomatoes without
breaking.
SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 34
 06/03/2024

Regulations and Controversies of Genetically Modified

Organisms (GMOs)
• Genetic modification strictly abides by the laws of every nation.
It is mandatory to take permission before genetically modifying
any organism, and/or using GMOs for cultivation, commerce, or
food.
• Large number of experts, environmentalists, theist, and
naturalists believe that artificially meddling with natural gene
flow invites a great risk in natural laws, ecosystem, and whole
living system. SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 35
06/03/2024

OBJECTIVES:
Given the necessary materials, 75% of the
students should be able to:
a.Give some examples of GMO's.
b.Identify the benefits and harms of GMOs.

SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 36

06/03/2024

GROUP QUIZ
BEE
(100 pts)
SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 37
06/03/2024

Which of the following is the correct

1 description for gRNA?
a. Globular ribonucleic acid
b. Glandular Ribonucleic acid
c. Guide Ribonucleic acid
d. All of the above are correct
C. Guide Ribonucleic acid
SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 38
2
06/03/2024

Who was the scientist who developed the first

transgenic mouse?
a. Rudolf Jaenisch
b. Herbert Boyer
c. Stanley Cohen
d. GeneTech Company
a. Rudolf Jaenisch SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 39
3
06/03/2024

Which of the following is the enzyme acts like

scissors used to cut part of DNA?

a. Amylase
b. Carbo hydrases
c. Cas-9
d. Proteiases
C. Cas-9 SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 40
4
06/03/2024

What do you call the type of DNA intended to

locate and attach to a specific sequence in the DNA?

a. m-RNA
b. r-RNA
c. t-RNA
d. g-RNA

d. g-RNA SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 41

5
06/03/2024

What do you call the process where Genetically

engineered /or coated DNA fragments are delivered to
gametes, seeds or developing embryos by several
techniques?
a. DIRECT TRANSFER
b. USE OF VECTOR
c. MICROBOMBARDING
d. INTRA-VENOUS

A. DIRECT TRANSFER SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 42

6
06/03/2024

Which of the following pertains to straightforward

method of locating a specific piece of DNA within a cell
modify that portion of DNA?

a. DIRECT TRANSFER
b. USE OF VECTOR
c. TALENS
d. CRISPR

D. CRISPR SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 43

6
06/03/2024

Which of the following pertains to straightforward

method of locating a specific piece of DNA within a cell
modify that portion of DNA?

a. DIRECT TRANSFER
b. USE OF VECTOR
c. TALENS
d. CRISPR

D. CRISPR SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 44

7
06/03/2024

What do you call the method of transferring genes Uses

several viral or bacterial species as vectors to transfer genes into
target organism's genome?

a. DIRECT TRANSFER
b. USE OF VECTOR
c. TALENS
d. CRISPR

B. USE OF VECTOR SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 45

8
06/03/2024

What does CRISPR means?

a. Clustered Randomly Interspaced Short
Palindromic Repeats
b. Class Repeatedly Intraspaced Short
Palindromic Repeats
c. Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short
Palindromic Repeats
C. Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short
Palindromic Repeats SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 46
9
06/03/2024

What do you call the first GM strand of bacteria

released in the environment last 1988?
a. E. coli
b. Pseudomonas syringae
c. Agrumonas tumafaciens
d. none of the above

B. Pseudomonas syringae SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 47

06/03/2024

Which of the following is the first GM

10 TOMATO produced?
a. Savr Flvr
b. Flavor Savr
c. Flavr Savr
d. Flaver Saver

C. Flavr Savr SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 48

06/03/2024

Positive Impacts of Genetically Modified Organisms

(GMOs)
• Higher Crop Yields Meeting Increasing Demand for Food;
Genetically modified crops have their genetics optimized for
higher yields.
• Higher Income from Agriculture: GM crops and animals
produce higher yields and the products are consistent and of
superior quality. These will increase the income from
agricultural products.
SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 49
06/03/2024

Supply of Essential Nutrients via Modification of Components of

Foods: Several strains of GM crops, mushrooms, and animals are
incorporated with essential vitamins, unsaturated fatty acids,
cellulose fibers, and amino acids encoding genes and probiotics.

Improvement in Food Processing and Storage: Some GM foods

are modified in such a way that their ripening process is reduced and
their stability in normal to some higher temperatures is optimized.
These have facilitated easy transportation, post-harvest processing,
and longer storage and shelf-life.

SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 50

06/03/2024

• Production of Pharmaceuticals: GM organisms,

especially bacteria and fungi and some plants are used
in the production of hormones, enzymes, antibiotics,
and metabolites of pharmaceutical value. GM
medicines for the treatment of chronic diseases like
diabetes, hypertension, genetic disorders, etc.

SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 51

06/03/2024

• Reduction in Demand and Use of Harmful

Pesticides and Insecticides: GM crops and
animals are modified to be resistant to several
diseases and pests. This will reduce the need for
harmful chemicals for treatment and prevention.

SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 52

06/03/2024

• Preparation of Suitable Vectors for

Biotechnology Research: Viruses are
genetically modified as vectors to insert
genes in other organisms’ genomes. GM
bacteria are also used as vectors in plant
biotechnology.
SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 53
06/03/2024

•Production of Foods during Off-

seasons: GM crops and animals can be
grown in the off-season. This will make
the supply of food even during off-
seasons.
SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 54
 Negative Impacts/Associated Risks of
06/03/2024

Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)

• Un-natural Gene Flow causing Destruction in Natural
Laws resulting in Calamities: Anti-GMOs group of
people describe unnatural gene flow as the main problem
with the development of GMOs. They fear that the
production of GMOs breaks natural laws inviting natural
calamities.
SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 55
06/03/2024

• Possibility of Food Toxicity and Allergy: The

unnatural proteins encoded by inserted genes
may be allergic and/or toxic to consumers.
There is a high probability that the inserted
gene/s mutates and encodes mutated proteins
that can either be toxic or allergic.

SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 56

06/03/2024

SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 57

06/03/2024

SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 58

06/03/2024

SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 59

06/03/2024

SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 60

06/03/2024

SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 61

06/03/2024

SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 62

06/03/2024

REVIEW ON
GENETICALLY
MODIFIED ORGANISMS
(GMOs)
SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 63
06/03/2024

QUIZ#3
GENETICALLY
MODIFIED ORGANISMS
(GMOs)

SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 64

06/03/2024

References:
• https://www.labiotech.eu/best-biotech/crispr-applications-gene-editing/
• https://www.vox.com/2018/7/23/17594864/crispr-cas9-gene-editing
• https://www.yourgenome.org/facts/what-is-crispr-cas9
• https://explorebiotech.com/crispr-gene-editing-tool/
• https://www.livescience.com/59602-crispr-advances-gene-editing-field.html
• https://innovativegenomics.org/education/digital-resources/what-is-crispr/

SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 65