School of Architecture,

Computing and Engineering

Kinetics of Rigid
Bodies TOPIC 04
ENGINEERING MECHANICS: DYNAMICS
CEDYNA20
PREPARED BY: LDDZ

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KINETICS
 Kinetics is the study of the relation between forces
and the acceleration they cause. This relation is
based on Newton’s second law of motion,
expressed mathematically as
Σ𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎
 Before applying the equation of motion, it is
important to first draw the particle’s free-body
diagram in order to account for all of the forces 𝐹𝑅 = Σ𝐹 = 0
that act on the particle. The acceleration is zero, the object is at
 Graphically, this diagram is equal to the kinetic rest
diagram, which shows the result of the forces, that or
is, the 𝑚𝒂 vector. Moving in a straight path at constant
This condition isvelocity
called static equilibrium,
Newton’s First Law of Motion.

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IMPORTANT POINTS
• The equation of motion is based on experimental evidence and is valid only when
applied within an inertial frame of reference.
• The equation of motion states that the unbalanced force on a particle causes it to
accelerate.
• An inertial frame of reference does not rotate, rather its axes either translate with
constant velocity or are at rest.
• Mass is a property of matter that provides a quantitative measure of its resistance
to a change in velocity. It is an absolute quantity and so it does not change from
one location to another.
• Weight is a force that is caused by the earth’s gravitation. It is not absolute; rather
it depends on the altitude of the mass from the earth’s surface.

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INERTIAL COORDINATE SYSTEM

Accelerati
Weight Mass on
 When applying the equation of motion, it is
Kilogram important to measure the acceleration from an
SI Newton (1kg) 9.81m/s²
inertial coordinate system.
Slug  This system has axes that do not rotate but are
English Pound (1lb) 32.2 ft/s²
either fixed or translate with a constant velocity.
 Various types of inertial coordinate systems can be
used to apply Σ𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎 in component form.

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EQUATIONS OF MOTION: EQUATIONS OF MOTION:

RECTANGULAR COORDINATE NORMAL AND TANGENTIAL COORDINATE
 Rectangular x, y, z axes are used to describe the  Normal, tangential, and binormal axes 𝒏, 𝒕, 𝒃, are
motion along each of the axes. often used when the path is known.
 Recall that 𝑎𝑛 is always directed in the
Σ𝐹𝑥 = 𝑚𝑎𝑥 +𝑛
direction.
Σ𝐹𝑦 = 𝑚𝑎𝑦  It indicates the change
Also recall that 𝑎in the velocity direction.
𝑡 is tangent to the path.
indicates
It the change in the velocity magnitude.
Σ𝐹𝑧 = 𝑚𝑎𝑧
Σ𝐹𝑡 = 𝑚𝑎𝑡 Σ𝐹𝑛 = 𝑚𝑎𝑛 Σ𝐹𝑏 = 0
𝑑𝑣

𝑎𝑡 = 𝑑𝑣2= 𝑣
𝑑𝑡𝑣 𝑑𝑠 3
𝑎𝑛 = 𝜌 where 𝜌 =
1+𝑦′ 2 2

𝑦 ′′2

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Sample Problem 1
An elevator weighing 15kN starts from rest and
acquires an upward velocity of 3m/sec in a distance
of 6m. If the acceleration is constant, what is the
tension in the cable?

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Sample Problem 2
Two blocks A and B are released from rest on a 30°
incline when they are 15m apart. The coefficient of
friction under the upper block A is 0.20 and that
under the lower block B is 0.40.
a. Compute the acceleration of block A
b.Compute the acceleration of block
B c. Compute the elapse time until the blocks touch 30°

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Sample Problem 3
The mass of each block is 4kg. Friction is negligible.
The boxes start from rest at t=0.
a. Determine the magnitude of their velocity at t=1
sec when they have moved from their
initial position 4kg

b. Determine the distance they have moved they

moved from their initial position at t=1.0
sec. 30°

c. Determine the magnitude of their velocity at

t=1.0 sec if the the coefficient of kinetic
friction between the boxes and the surface is 𝜇𝑘
= 0.15.

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Sample Problem 4
The coefficient of kinetic friction under the block A is
0.30 ad under block B is 0.20.
a. Find the acceleration of the system.
b. Find the tension in the cord supporting block A.
30°
c. Find the tension in the cord supporting A and B.
C

300N

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End of presentation

Thank you!

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