School of Architecture,

Computing and Engineering

Rectilinear
Motion TOPIC 02
ENGINEERING MECHANICS: DYNAMICS
CEDYNA20
PREPARED BY: LDDZ

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Quantities in Motion Distance

Any motion involves three concepts • Distance (d)
 Displacement (Position) • How far an object travels.
 Velocity • The length of the path that an
 Acceleration objects
total travels
These concepts can be used to study objects • Does not depend on direction.
in motion.

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Displacement
• Displacement (d) – difference between In order to define displacement, we need
an object’s final position and its starting directions.
position. Examples of directions:
Does depend on direction.  (+) and (–)
• Displacement = final position – initial  N, S, E, W
position.  Angles
 X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis
𝑑 = 𝑑𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 – 𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙

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Displacement vs Distance

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Acceleration
Change in Velocity over time
Remember: Velocity is Speed AND Direction
acceleration = [ final v – initial v ] / time

𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝑣 𝑣𝑓 − 𝑣𝑖
𝑡
=
𝑡
“Speeding Up” = Acceleration (Positive a)
“Slowing Down” = Deceleration (Negative a)

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Problem no.1
• If a runner runs 100 meters in 25 seconds,
what is his speed in meters per second?
• How far could this runner run under
30 seconds in yards?

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Problem no.3
• Julio starts sliding with a velocity of 3
yards/s south. After 3 seconds, his
velocity is 7m/s south. What is Julio’s
acceleration?

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Problem no.2
• A rocket is traveling at 40 m/s. How
long
does it take the rocket to travel 450 mi?
• With what speed would it take the same
rocket to cover a distance of 600 miles
with the same time it did the for the first
travel in m/s?

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Uniformly Accelerated Motion along a Kinematic equations for constant acceleration

Straight Line
 The fundamental quantities Variable missing
displacement (x or y), velocity (v), and
are
acceleration (a). Eq. 1 𝒗𝒇 = 𝒗𝒊 + 𝒂𝒕 d
 Acceleration is a change in velocity, from
an initial velocity (v0 or vi) to a final Eq. 2 𝒅 = ½(𝒗𝒊 + 𝒗𝒇)𝒕 a
velocity (v or vf). Eq. 3a 𝒅𝒇 = 𝒗𝒊𝒕 + ½𝒂𝒕𝟐 vf
 And finally, the motion takes place during
some elapsed time interval, Δt. Eq. 3b 𝒅𝒇 = 𝒗𝒊𝒕 − ½𝒂𝒕𝟐 vf
 If we agree to start our clocks at time ti = Eq. 4 =
+ 𝟐𝒂𝒅 t
0, then we can just write t instead of Δt, 𝒗 𝒇𝟐 𝒗𝒊𝟐
which simplifies the notation.
 Therefore, we have five
kinematic
quantities:
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Problem no.4
A car accelerates from rest to 107.4 mi/hr in
6 seconds.
a. What is the average acceleration of
the car in ft/s²?
b. How far did it travel
during this time period in yards?

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Problem no.5
A motorcycle speeds up from 24 m/s to 60
m/s and travels a distance of 500m within
that period
a. what is the average acceleration?
b. how long did it take reach a speed
of 60 m/s

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Problem no.6
Jules verne in 1865 suggested sending
people to the moon by firing a space
capsule from a 220m long cannon with a
speed of 10.97km/s. what would have been
the unrealistically large acceleration
experienced by the space travellers during
launch? Compare your answer with the free
fall acceleration of 9.80m/s²

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Problem no.7
The driver of a car slams on the brakes
when he sees a tree blocking the road. The
car slows uniformly with an acceleration of -
5.60m/s² for 4.20s, making straight skid
marks 62.4m long ending at the tree. With
what speed does the car then strike the
tree?

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Free Falling Bodies

 A Free Falling Object/Bodies is any object  Earth gravity provides a constant
moving under the influence of gravity acceleration. Most important case of
alone constant acceleration.
 It does not depend upon the initial motion  Free-fall acceleration is independent of
of the object mass.
 Dropped – released from rest  Magnitude: |a| = g = 9.81 m/s2
 Thrown upward  Direction: always downward, so ag is
 Thrown downward negative if we define “up” as positive,
 The acceleration of an object in free fall is  a = - g = - 9.81 m/s2
directed downward, regardless of the
initial motion  In the English/American system,
 a= - 32.2 ft/sec2.
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Assumptions
 We will neglect air resistance
 Free fall motion is constantly accelerated
motion in one dimension
 Use the kinematic equations to solve
problems.

Galileo predicted that bodies of

the same material falling through
the same medium will fall at the
same time
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 School of Architecture,
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Problem no.8
A golf ball is released from rest from the top
of a very tall building. Neglecting air
resistance, calculate
a. the position and
b. the velocity of the ball after 1.00,
2.00, and 3.00 s.

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Problem no.9
A ball is thrown downward at an initial
speed of 15m/s from the top of a cliff
a. What is the speed and velocity of
the ball 8 seconds later?
b. How far does it travel during this
time of displacement?

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Problem no.10
A ball is thrown from the top of a building with an initial velocity of 20.0 m/s
straight upward, at an initial height of 50.0m above the ground. The ball just misses
the edge of the roof on its way down. (ground to the maximum reach of the
throwing hand is 50m) Determine:
a. The time needed for the ball to reach its maximum height
b. The maximum height
c. The time needed for the ball to return to the height from which it was thrown and
the velocity of the ball at that instant
d. The time needed for the ball to reach the ground
e. The velocity and position of the ball at t=5.00 secs

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End of presentation

Thank you!

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