Mathematical Induction

Presentation By:
.
.
Muhammad Amman

.
Abdul Muqeet
Rana Abdullah

Presentation To:
.Miss Fatima
Subject:
.Discrete Structure
 INTRODUCTION TO Mathematical Induction

1. Mathematical induction is a concept in mathematics that is

used to prove various mathematical statements and
theorems.

2. It is a technique that is used to prove the basic theorems in

mathematics which involve the solution up to n finite
natural terms.
 Mathematical Induction

1. It is the art of proving any statement, theorem or

formula which is thought to be true for each and every
natural number n.

2. In mathematics, we come across many statements that

are generalized in the form of n. To check whether that
statement is true for all natural numbers we use the
concept of mathematical induction.
For Example:

Q.1: Show that, 1 + 2 + 3 … … … n = [n(n+1)/2] is true for n = 5.

Solution:

Given, n = 5

First, let us find the L.H.S = 1 +2+3+4+5 = 15

Now, R.H.S = [5(5+1)]/2 = (5 x 6)/2 = 30/2 = 15

Since, L.H.S = R.H.S.

Hence, 1 + 2 + 3 … … … n = [n(n+1)/2] is true for n = 5.

 Principle of Mathematical Induction

Any statement P(n) which is for “n” natural number can be proved using the
Principle of Mathematical Induction by following the below steps,

Step 1: Verify if the statement is true for trivial cases (n = 1) i.e. check if P(1) is
true.
Step 2: Assume that the statement is true for n = k for some k ≥ 1 i.e. P(k) is true.
Step 3: If the truth of P(k) implies the truth of P(k + 1), then the statement P(n)
is true for all n ≥ 1.
Various steps used in Mathematical Induction are
named accordingly. The names of the various steps
used in the principle of mathematical induction are,
Mathematical Induction Steps

• Base Step: Prove P(k) is true for k =1

• Assumption Step: Let P(k) is true for all k in N and k > 1
• Induction Step: Prove P(k+1) is true using basic mathematical properties.

If the above three steps are proved then we can say that “By the principle of
mathematical induction, P(n) is true for all n belonging to N”.
Here are examples of
Mathematical Induction