KARAKTERISTIK

ECHINODERMATA&
COELENTERATA

- TERIPANG
- BULU BABI
- BINTANG LAUT
- UBUR-UBUR
- HYDRA
 Tujuan Instruksional Khusus

Setelah menyelesaikan kuliah ini mahasiswa

dapat menyebutkan berbagai jenis
echinodermata dan coelenterata serta
prospek pemanfaatannya
ECHINODERMATA
 TERIPANG
• Echinodermata
• Timun laut, trepang, gamat,
haisom, sea cucumber, teatfish,
See Gurken, namako, pling kao,
beche de mer
• 2000 spesies di dunia
• Panjang 5-60 cm,
bobot 2 kg
• Ekosistem terumbu karang
dengan perairan yang
jernih,
bebas dari polusi, air relatif
tenang dengan mutu air
cukup baik
Morfologi
Anatomi

(Hegner dan Engemann 1968)

 INDONESIA
Potensi teripang Indonesia 3.517 ton (DKP, 2003)
Daerah penghasil utama :
- Pantura Sulawesi (1.188 ton)
- Maluku-Papua (743 ton)
- Pansela Sulawesi (631 ton)

Olahan teripang :
- Teripang kering
(beche-de-mer)
- Gonad kering (konoko)
- Usus asin (konowata)
- Kerupuk
Komersial
23 spesies, 5 spesies
ekonomis penting,
Holothuria scabra (teripang
putih atau pasir), Holothuria
edulis (teripang hitam),
Holothuria vacabunda
(teripang getah atau keling),
Holothuria vatiensis
(teripang merah) dan
Holothuria marmorata (teripang
coklat)
 Perdagangan Dunia
 Pusatperdagangan ekspor teripang
dunia  Hongkong dan Singapura
 Perdagangan teripang kering di USA,
Kanada, Eropa, Taiwan, Republik
Korea, China, Australia, Malaysia,
Thailand
 Kandungan Gizi

Kandungan (%)
Komponen Daging Daging Jeroan
basah kering kering
Protein 8,37+0,77 34,13+5,62 2,39+0,10
Lemak 0,87+0,01 2,17+0,03 1,52+0,01
Air 80,72+0,22 3,07+0,03 2,93+0,02
Abu 9,18+0,50 42,57+0,65 53,87+0,07

- asam lemak tak jenuh

- steroid
 Cara hidup & Bioaktif
 When attacked they shed a sticky thread
like structure which is actually parts of their
guts. The so called Cuverian threads are
toxic (the poison is called holothurin) and
can dissuade many potential predators.
These structures quickly regenerate
 Cara hidup & Bioaktif
 mekanisme pertahanan tubuh yang efisien,
yaitu mengeluarkan holothurin yang toksik
 berkhasiat dalam penyembuhan luka,
perawatan sehabis bersalin dan sebagai
antifungi
 antioksidan
 antinosiseptif (penahan sakit) dan anti-
inflamasi
 anti-tumor dan memberi khasiat positif
terhadap penyakit AIDS (Scheuer 1995;
Anonim 2003; 2004)
 antithrombotik
BIOAKTIF dari Teripang

• Holothurin  industri farmasi

(anticancer, antibiotik, anti-inflamasi);

- Antibakteri; aktif menghambat Staphylococcus aureus;

- Antifungi; aktif menghambat Candida maltosa

• Steroid  Aprodisiaka alami

Ginseng of the Sea
• Rich in the quality protein and
mucopolysaccharide, such as collagen
and condroitin.

• Contains vitamin A, B1 (thiamin), B2

(riboflavin) and C

• Contains minerals such as calcium,

iodine, iron, zinc and magnesium.
Efficacy
• Protects internal organs and skin
from aging
• Strengthens the function of the liver
• Supports the function of the kidney
• Gives nourishment and robustness
• Supplements and purifies the blood
 Teripang di Langkawi

 Membantu pemulihan penyakit degeneratif

mematikan seperti Diabetes Militus,
Kerapuhan Tulang, Kanker
 Makanan obat tradisional untuk
menyembuhkan penyakit asthma, sakit
persendian, rheumatic, penyakit kulit,
darah tinggi hingga jantung
 Spirulina sebagai partner
sinergi Teripang

Kandungan Spirulina Teripang

Protein Protein Nabati Collagen
- Rainbow Antioxidant
Antioxidant Enzyme SOD
- Enzyme SOD
Mineral Mineral / trace mineral Zinc, Chromium
- Multivitamin - Mucopolysaccharide
Nutrisi - Fibers - Glucosamine
- Chondroitin Sulfat

Asam Lemak - Omega6 Omega3

- Calcium Spirulan
Anti Virus Holoturin
- Probiotic Effect

Hills (2007)
Marine Natural Product
Echinoderms
6%
Tunicates
Microorganisms
6%
18% Red algae
5%
Molluscs
2%
Coelenterates Green algae
21% Other 2%
8% Brown algae
2%
Bryozoans
1%

Sponges
37%
SEA URCHINS
 Description
 globe-shaped or mildly
flattened animals
 scavengers that feed on algae
and animal remains
 move on hydraulic tube feet
 some red sea urchins take 4 to
5 years to reach a size of 3.5
inches
 They spawn during the winter
or early spring, usually in April,
and the larval stage lasts 4 to
6 weeks.
 Kelp of the genus Laminaria
are preferred for food
adhesive tube feet
Morphology
 have an outer, solid, skeletal
structure called a test
 divided into five segments
 The primary spines may vary
in shape, while secondary
spines usually have little
sculpture
 the size of an adult test is
typically from 3 to 10 cm
 spines are 1 to 3 cm in length,
1 to 2 mm thick
 Common colors include black
and dull shades of green,
olive, brown, purple, and red
ANATOMY
USES: Food
 "roe“ consumed either raw
or briefly cooked
 popular food in Korean
cuisine
 it is called "uni" in
Japanese sushi cuisine
 "erizo“, a traditional food
in Chile
 "ricci di mare" in Italy
 "achinos"-(αχινός), in
Greece
 Traditionally considered
an aphrodisiac
Products of roe
 Fresh roe (uni or nama uni)
 Salted roe (shio uni)

 Steamed roe (mushi uni)

 Baked roe (yaki uni)

 Frozen roe (reito uni)

 Fermented roe (tsubu uni)

 Fermented roe paste (neri uni)

 Quality
 The best quality roe is reserved for the fresh
product
 Roe color is exceedingly important in
marketing. Clear, bright yellow or orange roe
is best for the fresh market. All dark or
discolored roe is discarded
 For salted roe, the preferred color is orange
 Best quality roe is firm, small (less than 5 cm),
and free of leaking fluids
 Sea urchin roe contains an assortment of
nutrients
 Proksimat Gonad
Table 2. Proximate analyses of red and purple sea urchin roe (percent of total roe weight) (Kato and
Schroeter, 1985)
Red Sea Urchin Purple Sea Urchin
Item 1 2 3 2
Moisture 70.0 70.8 68.6 71.8
Protein 7.7 9.6 9.5 12.3
Lipid 7.6 8.3 5.4 5.2
Ash 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.7
Glycogen 0.1 1.7
Nonprotein nitrogen 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.5
Sources: 1. Modified after Greenfield et al., 1958; 2. from Kramer and Nordin,
1979; 3. Modified after Giese et al., 1958

Mengandung 13 asam amino, 8 esensial (lisin, metionin, treonin, valin, arginin,

histidin, triptofan, fenilalanin) (LON dalam Toha 2006)
 Komposisi komponen aktif
rasa gonad BB (mg/100 g)

Komponen Kadar Karakteristik

As. Glutamat 103 Rasa umami & manis
Glisin 42 Rasa umami & pahit
Alanin 261 Rasa manis & pahit
Valin 154 Rasa manis & pahit
Metionin 47 Rasa manis & pahit
Arginin 316 Rasa umami & manis
Sumber: Shahidi & Botta (1992)
Jenis Beracun
 Yang paling berbahaya:
Diadema setosum,
Toxopneustes pileolus
 Spesies lain:
Asthenosoma, Echinotrix
 Cara penanganan:
netralisir racun dengan
amonia, perlakuan asam
ringan (jeruk lemon atau
cuka)
 Fossil
 The earliest known echinoids are found
in the rock of the upper part of the
Ordovician period
 Most specimens occur in rocks from the
Devonian and Carboniferous periods
Fossil Lovenia woodsi from from Castle Hain quarry,
the Pliocene of Australia North Carolina USA
Environmental &
Sciences
 Biomarker; an abundance of sea
urchins can be a sign for bad water
conditions
 As a standard subject for studies in
embryology
 A purple sea urchin genome was
sequenced in November 2006 and
it was discovered that 70% of their
genes have a human counterpart
(Marine Biological Laboratory at
Woods Hole)
 Ornamental Fish
 Umumnya tidak beracun, berduri
pendek
 Jenis yang telah dimanfaatkan:
Tripneustes sp, Salmacis bicolor,
Echinometra sp
SEA STARS
Description
 carnivorous and feed on sponges,
bryozoans, ascidians and molluscs
 detritus feeders or scavengers
 Autotomy (self amputation) usually is
a protective function
 They "graze" the corals which are left
behind white and dead
 Their predators are the giant triton
shell (Charonia tritonis) and some
puffer fish
Power of Regeneration
 A complete new animal can grow from a small
fragment such as a arm
 In some species (Linckia multifora and
Echinaster luzonicus) one of the arms will
virtually pull itself away, regenerates and
forms a new animal
 Autotomy (self amputation)
 Fission; the body is broken into unequal parts
then the missing limbs regenerate.
Uses
 Ornamental fish
 Source of active
compounds

Taken from Pramuka island (2006)

Brittle stars, basket
stars, serpent stars
(Ophiuroidea)

Taken from Pramuka island (2006)

JELLY FISH
 Ubur-ubur
 Coelenterata, kelas Scyphozoa
 Jelly fish
 Lendir (semacam agar/perekat); air 96%, garam 3% &
bahan organik lain 1%
 Tubuh disebut medusa (payung/lonceng)
 Diameter Scyphozoa 2-40 cm, Cyanea capillata lebih dari
2 m, tentakel lebih dari 26 m
 Warna putih, ungu, biru, coklat
 Aurelia transparan, gonad berwarna violet/pink
 Perairan pantai, hampir di seluruh perairan (pantai) Indonesia,
terutama sekitar pulau Jawa (Javanese type, white type)
 Anatomy &
Reproduction
 Komersial
 Komoditi ekspor jenis cendol, kelapa, gerunggung
 Rendemen 73,20%
 By product filamen, gonad, isi perut
 Beberapa beracun
 Di China untuk penyakit tekanan darah
tinggi, bronchitis
 Rendah lemak, kolesterol, kalori
GFP Green Fluorescent Protein
• Pigmen untuk marker
dalam rekayasa genetik
• Biomarker dalam
pengobatan; melihat
perkembangan treatment
suatu penyakit
 KANDUNGAN GIZI
Per 100 g edible portion
Komposisi Ubur-ubur Ubur-ubur asin Ubur-ubur
mentah kering
Air 85,2% 72,4% 68,2%
Protein 4,0 g 5,5 g 7,2 g
Lemak 0,2 g 0,1 g 0,5 g
Karbohidrat 2,9 g 2,2 g 8,8 g
Abu 7,8 g 19,8 g 15,3 g
Kalsium 26 mg 58 mg 187 mg
Fosfor 27 mg 27 mg 61 mg
Kalium 85 mg 185 mg -
Fe 0,8 mg 6,4 mg 1,6 mg
Leung et al. 1972
 References
 Shahidi F & Botta JR. 1992. Seafoods: Chemistry,
Processing, Technology & Quality. Black
Academic & Professional. London.
 http://www.starfish.ch/reef/echinoderms.html
 www.elasmodiver.com/.../BCML
%20echinodermata.htm
 http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/
invertebrates/echinoderm/Seaurchin.shtml
 Wikipedia.com, the free encyclopedia
 Images from google.com/images
 I have not failed. I've
just found 10,000
ways that won't work

Many of life's failures

are people who didn't
realize how close they
were to success when
they gave up.
Thomas A. Edison
Terima Kasih