ANOVA 1

Oindrila Mukherjee
WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT ANOVA? 2
 CONCEPT 3

Descriptive statistics is used to calculate ‘sample statistics’

Inferential statistics is used to estimate ‘population parameter’

Which test is used to compare the means of 2 groups?

Student’s t-test
 CONCEPT 4

ANOVA – Analysis of Variance

Here, we compare variance for more than 2 groups

This is done by analyzing the variances of the groups (ANOVA)

For e.g. to find the difference between males, females and non-
binary individuals with respect to their stress levels
 DEFINITION 5

ANOVA is a statistical method to

divide the variance into between
group (true) variance and within
group (error) variance
DEFINITION 6
DEFINITION 7
 DEFINITION 8

Within Group
Variance

Between Groups
Variance
 CONCEPT 9

ANOVA True Variance / Error Variance

IV Nominal Level
DV Ratio / Interval

e.g. to find the difference between males, females and transgenders wrt stress [IV – Gender, DV – Stress]
TYPES OF BETWEEN-GROUP ANOVA 10
 FACTORS AND LEVELS 11

• Independent variable used in the design

Factor • E.g. gender

• Each category under the independent

Level variable
• E.g. male, female, transgender

Can you name some factors and levels under them?

 ONE-WAY ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE 12

IV = 1,
DV = 1
Levels >2
To find the difference between males, females and transgenders wrt stress
IV = Gender, Levels = Male, Female, Transgender
DV = Stress
 t-test vs anova 13

t-Test ANOVA
• Compares means • Compares variances
• Only 2 groups • More than 2 groups
• Only 1 IV • 1 or more IVs
TWO-WAY ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE 14

IV = 2,
DV = 1
Levels >2
e.g. to explore the effect of gender and marital status on quality of life
IV 1 = Gender, Levels = male, female, transgender
IV 2 = Marital Status, Levels = Single, Married, Divorced
DV = Quality of Life
THREE-WAY ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE 15

IV = 3,
DV = 1
Levels >2
e.g. to explore the effect of gender, marital status and socioeconomic
status (SES) on quality of life
IV 1 = Gender, Levels = male, female, transgender
IV 2 = Marital Status, Levels = Single, Married, Divorced
IV 3 = Socioeconomic Status, Levels = High SES, Middle SES, Low SES
DV = Quality of Life
HOW TO NAME AN ANOVA MODEL? 16

(number of levels under each factor) + (number of factors) + (ANOVA)

 17

to explore the effect of gender (male, female, transgender) and

marital status (single, married, divorced) on quality of life

3 * 3 Two-Way ANOVA
 18

to explore the effect of gender (Male, Female, Transgender), marital

status (Single, Married, Divorced) and socioeconomic status (High SES,
Middle SES, Low SES) on quality of life

3 * 3 * 3 Three-Way ANOVA
GROUPS 19

Mutually exclusive categories

Multiply the number of levels under each factor to find the number of groups

e.g. to explore the effect of gender (male, female, transgender) and marital status (single,
married, divorced) on quality of life

3 * 3 Two-Way ANOVA

9 groups [male single, male married, male divorced, female single, female married, female
divorced, transgender single, transgender married, transgender divorced]
 WITHIN-GROUP ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE 20

One group of participants

Exposed to various treatment conditions

e.g. to find the effect of CBT, REBT, Hypnosis on depression

Factor = Treatment / Intervention, Levels = CBT, REBT, Hypnosis

e.g. to find the effect of 3 types of treatment on depression in adults

Also known as Repeated Measures ANOVA