How to manage the impact of climate

change by integrating climate action

with other SDGs dimension?

SDG 13 could be achieved by

integrating other SDGs
 Compact cities
Green cities
New urbanism
Eco-cities
Landscape urbanism
Urban containment
Different approaches to sustainable cities -
acting as models of sustainable urban forms
 Ecological City as a model of Sustainability
• In early 1990s, the eco-city, as one of the preferred responses to the challenges of sustainable
development.
• Eco-city is defined as ‘an urban environmental system in which input (of resources) and output (of
waste) are minimized’ (Richard Register, 1987).
• It encompasses a wide range of urban-ecological proposals that aim to achieve sustainability i.e.
renewable energy (e.g., solar, wind, geothermal, etc.); passive solar design; green structure;
ecological and cultural diversity; and environmentally sound policies.
• (Integrated) Management is the core of many approaches to the eco-city.
• A balance between the
tripartite composition of
sustainable development
(Bibri et al., 2020):

Triangular conflict among key contributors to achieve sustainability

 Ecological City as a means for Climate Action
• Criteria of an ideal eco-city (Harvey, 2011; Roseland, 1997):

• The concept of the eco-city ‘has tended to focus mainly on infrastructures for urban metabolism—
sewage, water, energy, and waste management within the city’, thereby falling short in considering
smart solutions in relation to urban processes and practices (Höjer, M et al., 2015).
 2017, Climate Act
introduced.

2002, Combustible
waste in landfills
1995, Carbon tax banned.
introduced.

1985, Shift toward

centralized district
heating.

1969, First country

to introduce an
Environmental
Protection Act.

1960s, Sweden’s
environmental
journey started.

…Toxins were
everywhere,
People
demanded
S w e d e n
change. – a case study –
 Malmö in Transition
From a Ship-Building Center to the World‘s Leading Sustainable Urban Development.

• Malmö is a city accustomed to reinventing and transforming itself over time:

• In the 14th century, by moving from an economy based on the salted herring trade.
• In the 20th century, One of the most important industrial ports in the Nordic countries, with
prominent heavy engineering industries.
• And now, capitalizing on its connections with the Danish capital to attract financial, technology,
services, sustainability, and tourism companies.
• Bo01 neighborhood of Malmö's Western Harbor as a model of modern eco-city district.
• Ambitious plan to become carbon neutral 20 years earlier by 2030 than agreed in the
international commitments (by 2050, Paris Agreement).
 Malmö integrating the tripartite relationship

• Environmental Sustainability
• Sustainable Systems: Sustainable energy system; Environmentally smart sustainable solutions; Sustainable waste
management; Sustainable construction materials.
• Sustainable Transportation: Walking; Cycling; and Public transport as the backbone of the transport system.
• Green Structure-Green and Water Areas: Highly diverse green spaces & biodiversity.
• Economic Sustainability
• Mixed Land Use and Attractiveness
• Business Development: Green & environmental innovation; R&D and PPPs.
• Social Sustainability
• Physical Planning & Social Interaction: Urban environment with a well-balanced mix of housing, activities,
education, service, and green areas.
• Social Cohesion: Task relations, perceived unity, and social engagement.
• Citizen Participation: Cooperation between all stakeholders.
• Socio-Economic & Spatial Segregation: Immigrant vs native Swedish; Creation of Bo02.
 1. Mixed land use
• Physical land use mix (horizontal/spread of facilities,

Linking eco-city to vertical mix of uses, amenity, public space, etc.);

• Economic mix (business activity, production,

sustainability goals
consumption, etc.);
• Some aspects of social mix (housing, demography,
lifestyles, visitors, etc.).
2. Economic growth and business development
• Green-tech innovation;
• Green-tech production and export;
• R&D activities;
• Entrepreneurial and innovation-based startups; 1. Sustainable energy systems
• Industrial and technological investment; • Local production of electricity—solar energy;
• Job creation and skill development; • 100% locally renewable energy—sun, wind, and water;
1. Social equity • Government, industry, and academia collaboration; • Bio-fueled CHP system;
• Social integration; • International cooperation. • Passive houses;
• Flexible design of housing in terms of types and • A large-scale smart grid;
forms; • Behavioral change.
• Affordable housing by means of an efficient, careful 2. Sustainable waste management
process; • Smart waste collecting system;
• Greater accessibility to facilities and services. • Vacuum waste chutes system;
2. The quality of life • Food waste disposers;
• Meeting places for social interaction; • Wastewater and sewage treatment system;
• Ready access to recreational and green areas; • Behavioral change.
• Natural surveillance: safety and security; 3. Sustainable materials
• Housing design enabling residents to remain • Recycled and reused materials;
throughout all stages of life. • High performance and resource-effective materials.
3. Social cohesion 4. Sustainable transportation
• Citizen participation and consultation; • Cycling and walking;
• Multi-stakeholder cooperation; • Public transport (metro, buses, tram, etc.);
• Well-being of all inhabitants. • Car-pools (biogas and electric);
• Mobility management;
• Behavioral change.
5. Greening and ecological diversity
• Multi-functional green structure for ecosystem services;
• Green factor planning tools.
City of Tomorrow - Creating a model for
sustainable city
• Bo01 Neighborhood in Malmö as a case study
• As a former industrial area, posed soil contamination.
• In 1970s, the population diminished due to economic recession.
• In 1998, the city initiated the recovery of this industrial area with the
construction of Malmö University.
• Connectivity: built the Öresund railway bridge and tunnel linking Malmö to
Copenhagen.

What were the challenges encountered in implementing climate-resilient

infrastructure and adaptive measures in Bo01, and how were these
challenges addressed?