N F PA - 1 5

WAT E R S P R AY
FIXED SYSTEMS
FOR FIRE
PROTECTION
P R EPA R ED BY: A BD ELR A H M A N EL- F IK Y
A LI EH A B D A BA S H
INTRODUCTIO
N
 INTRODUCTION
-THIS PRESENTATION PROVIDES
A COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW
OF FIRE PROTECTION WITH
WATER SPRAY FIXED
SYSTEM FOR OIL TANKS,
BULLET TANKS, GAS
SPHERES ,TRANSFORMERS ,
AND PUMPS , BASED ON NFPA-
15 STANDARDS.
WHY WATER SPRAY FIXED SYSTEM?
1. Effective Cooling.
2. Quick Fire Suppression.
3. Non-Toxic and Environmentally Friendly.
4. Readily Available Resource.
5. Regulatory Compliance.
6. Versatility in Application.
7. Proven Reliability.
 SYSTEM

COMPONEN
T
SYSTEM COMPONENTS

1. Water Supply
2. Piping Network
3. Spray Nozzles
4. Control Valve
5. Detection System
6. Pressure gauges
7. Alarm System
8. Pressure Maintenance
SYSTEM COMPONENTS

1. Water Supply
2. Piping Network
3. Spray Nozzles
4. Control Valve
5. Pressure gauges
6. Detection System
7. Alarm System
8. Pressure Maintenance
SYSTEM COMPONENTS

1. Water Supply
2. Piping Network
3. Spray Nozzles
4. Control Valve
5. Pressure gauges
6. Detection System
7. Alarm System
8. Pressure Maintenance
SYSTEM COMPONENTS

1. Water Supply
2. Piping Network
3. Spray Nozzles
4. Control Valves
5. Pressure gauges
6. Detection System
7. Alarm System
8. Pressure Maintenance
SYSTEM COMPONENTS

1. Water Supply
2. Piping Network
3. Spray Nozzles
4. Control Valve
5. Pressure gauges
6. Detection System
7. Alarm System
8. Pressure Maintenance
SYSTEM COMPONENTS

1. Water Supply
2. Piping Network
3. Spray Nozzles
4. Control Valve
5. Pressure gauges
6. Detection System
7. Alarm System
8. Pressure Maintenance
SYSTEM COMPONENTS

1. Water Supply
2. Piping Network
3. Spray Nozzles
4. Control Valve
5. Pressure gauges
6. Detection System
7. Alarm System
8. Pressure Maintenance
DEFINITION OF WATER SPRAY
FIXED SYSTEMS
• WATER SPRAY SYSTEM: AN AUTOMATIC OR MANUALLY ACTUATED FIXED
PIPE SYSTEM CONNECTED TO A WATER SUPPLY AND EQUIPPED WITH WATER
SPRAY NOZZLES DESIGNED TO PROVIDE A SPECIFIC WATER DISCHARGE
AND DISTRIBUTION OVER THE PROTECTED SURFACES OR AREA
SYSTEM DIAGRAM
DESIGN A FIXED
S P R AY S Y S T E M
REQUIREMENT
DESIGN A FIXED SPRAY
SYSTEM REQUIREMENT :
• Design Objectives ( Extinguish, Control , Exposure Protection )
• Design density (0.15 gpm/ft2 to 0.50 gpm/ft2 )
• Select nozzle ( K factor, Spray Angle, Nozzle Size, Nozzles Spacing ).
• Design Piping system ( Pipe size, valves , pipe Supports ).
• Calculate required Pressure & Flow.
• Design detection System ( Select Detector, Detector Temperature,
Spacing, Cable size ).
• Design system sequence of operation.
DEFINING DESIGN OBJECTIVES
FIXED SPRAY SYSTEM

Extinguishment Control of Burning Exposure Protection

body
DEFINING DESIGN OBJECTIVES
FIXED SPRAY SYSTEM

Extinguishment Control of Burning Exposure Protection

body body
body
DEFINING DESIGN OBJECTIVES
FIXED SPRAY SYSTEM

Extinguishment Control of Burning Exposure Protection

body body body body

body
DEFINING DESIGN OBJECTIVES
FIXED SPRAY SYSTEM

Extinguishment Control of Burning Exposure Protection

body body body body

body
DEFINING DESIGN OBJECTIVES
FIXED SPRAY SYSTEM

Extinguishment. Control of Burning Exposure Protection

• Cable Trays and Cable • Pumps, Compressors • Vessels
Runs & Related Equipment • Structures &
• Belt Conveyors • Flammable & Miscellaneous
Combustible Liquid Equipment
Pool Fires • Cable Trays and Cable
Runs
• Transformers
 DESIGN
C A L C U L AT I O
NS
DESIGN CALCULATIONS :
Required:
No. Of spray nozzles to be used

Givens:
Net rate (gpm/ft2 ) (L/min/m2)

Assumption & Selection:

Safe factor (SF)
Minimum operating nozzle pressure (P)
Nozzle K-factor (K)
DESIGN CALCULATIONS :
Required: No. Of spray nozzles to be used
Givens: Net rate = (0.25gpm/ft2 ) (L/min/m2 )
Assumption: Safety factor (SF) | Minimum operating nozzle pressure (P) |
Nozzle K-factor (K)

Steps:
Calculate Surface Area to be covered (m2)(ft2)
Min. Water spray flow rate required (gpm)= Surface Area to be covered *
Net rate * SF
Nozzle flow Rate (Q) (gpm) = K*P0.5

No. Of spray nozzles to be used= Min. Water spray flow rate required (gpm) /
Nozzle flow Rate (Q)
DESIGN CALCULATIONS :
• Surface Area Calculations for Tanks / Vessels:

Cylindrical with conical roof and flat bottom:

SAcone = (π*D*L) + (π*(D/2)*S)

Cylindrical with 2:1 Ellipsoidal Dished Ends:

SA2:1 = (π*D*L) + (2*1.084*D2)

Cylindrical with 100-6% F&D Heads:

SAF&D = (π*D*L) + (2*0.9286*D2)

Cylindrical with Hemispherical Heads:

SAHemi-head = π*D*(L +D)

where D = Diameter of the vessel (cylinder, sphere), ft (m)

DESIGN CALCULATIONS :
• Sphere:​
SA = π*D2
sphere

​
• Once the surface area of the vessel is calculated, multiply
it with 0.25 gpm if you are calculating your spray

water demand per square feet (USC units) or with 10.2

L/min if calculating in square meters (Metric units).

 EXAMPLE 1:
• Let us say we have a spherical tank with 8
meters(26.247feet)diameter..
• So SAsphere = π*26.247 =2164.26 ft2
2

• Min. Water spray flow rate required (gpm)= Surface

Area to be covered * Net rate * SF = 2164.26*
0.25 * 1.1 = 595.1715 gpm
• Nozzle flow Rate (Q) (gpm)= K*P = 3*10 =
0.5 0.5

9.486 gpm

No. Of spray nozzles to be used= Min. Water spray flow rate required(gpm)
/ Nozzle flow Rate (Q) = 595.17 / 9.486= 62.7=63Nozzles
DESIGN EXAMPLES
 EXAMPLE 2:
Required: No. Of spray nozzles to be used
Givens: Net rate = (0.25gpm/ft2 ) (L/min/m2 ) | Surface Area to be covered (m2)
Assumption: Safety factor (SF) | Minimum operating nozzle pressure (P)
| Nozzle K-factor (K)
Steps:
Surface Area to be covered=[2*(XY+XZ+YZ)]-XY
=[2*((5*3.6)+(5*4.6)+(3.6*4.6))]-(5*3.6)
Z=4.6m
= 97.12m = 1045.4 ft2
2

Y=
Min. Water spray flow rate required (gpm) 3. 6 X=5m
m
= Surface Area to be covered * Net rate * SF
= 1045.4 * 0.25 * 1.1 = 287.485 gpm
 EXAMPLE 2:
Required: No. Of spray nozzles to be used
Givens: Net rate = (0.25gpm/ft2 ) (L/min/m2 ) | Surface Area to be covered (m2)
Assumption: Safety factor (SF) | Minimum operating nozzle pressure (P)
| Nozzle K-factor (K)
Steps:
Min. Water spray flow rate required (gpm)
=287.485 gpm
Z=4.6m
Nozzle flow Rate (Q) (gpm)= K*P0.5
=3*100.5= 9.486 gpm Y=
3. 6 X=5m
m
No. Of spray nozzles to be used
= Min. Water spray flow rate required (gpm) / Nozzle flow Rate (Q)
=287.485 / 9.486 = 30.3 = 31 Nozzle
SOME NOTES TO BE DETERMINED:
• Ensure water spray covers all exposed surfaces.
• In case of transformer:
The water supply shall be capable of supplying both the design
flow rate and 250 gpm (946 L/ min) for hose streams for a
minimum duration of 1 hour.
• In case of pumps and compressors:
The water application rate shall be at a net rate of not less than
0.50 gpm/ft2 of protected area.
ANY QUESTIONS
?
THANK
YOU ♥