ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Review

R CnH2n+1
alkyl group

an alkyl substituent is an alkane missing

one hydrogen
Review

1 methyl

R
2 ethyl
CnH2n+1 3 propyl
alkyl group
4 butyl
5 pentyl
6 hexyl
-OH and -COOH Functional groups

O
R O H R C
O H

alkyl + hydroxyl alkyl + carboxyl

alcohol carboxylic acid

 Review

Alkane Alkene Alkyl Alcohol carboxylic acid

-ane -ene -yl -ol -oic
1 methane methene methyl methanol methanoic acid
2 ethane ethene ethyl ethanol ethanoic acid
3 propane propene propyl propanol propanoic acid
4 butane butene butyl butanol butanoic acid
5 pentane pentene pentyl pentanol pentanoic acid
6 hexane hexane hexyl hexanol hexanoic acid
Alcohol

H H
O C C H
H H H

ethanol
Alcohol

H H
O C C H
1. Combustion H H H
ethanol

C2H5OH(l) + 3O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(g)

 Alcohol

2. Oxidation

H H H O
H C C O H + [O] H C C
H H H O H

ethanol ethanoic acid

Carboxylic acid

H O
H C C
H O H

ethanoic acid
weak acid

H O
H C C
O - H +
H

CH3COO -
H +
esterification

H O
H H
H C C
O H O C C H
H
H H H

carboxylic acid alcohol

esterification

H O
H H
H C C
O H O C C H
H
H H H

carboxylic acid alcohol

esterification

H O
H H
H C C
O C C H
H
H H

O H H
esterification

H O
H C C H H

H O C C H
H H

H O H
esterification

ester 酯
H O
H C C H H

H O C C H CH3COOC2H5
H H ethyl ethanoate

P237
esterification

H O
H C C H H

H O C C H
H H

CH3COOC2H5

ethyl ethanoate
P237
 ester

H H O
H C C C H

H H O C H
H
O
H C H H H
O C C C H
H H H
 ester

H H O
H C C C H
O C H
methyl propanoate
H H
H
O
H C H H H
propyl methanoate
O C C C H
H H H
ester
detergent
detergent