Concentrations of solutions

amount of solute
concentration =
volume of solution
Molar concentration

The number of moles of solute per cubic decimeter of solution

(mol/dm3)

number of moles of solute

molar concentration =
volume of solution
Example: 0.5 mol/dm3 NaCl (0.5 mole of NaCl dissolve in 1 dm3 of aqueous solution)

Calculation formula ： Moles of solute Note ： the volume is

Molar concentration= the total volume, not
dm3 of solution the solvent volume only

n
c=
V
Inquiry: 0.5 g NaCl dissolve in 1 dm3 of aqueous solution.
what is its molar concentration?
 Making different concentrations of solutions

Volumetric flask

Weigh some solute Fill the flask with

Swirl the flask to
and add solute to half- water exactly to the
dissolve the solute
filled distilled water mark
Intravenous(IV) saline solutions are often administered to patients in the hospital.
One saline solution contains 0.9g NaCl in exactly 100 cm 3 of solution. What is the
molar concentration of the solution?

Knowns: mass= 0.9 g

volume of solution = 100 cm3
molar mass of NaCl = 58.5 g/mol
Unknown: concentration = ?

0.9 g 1 mol 1000 cm3

× × = 0.15 mol/dm3
100 mL 58.5 g 1 dm 3
How many moles of LiCl are in 2.00 L of 2.5 mol/L lithium chloride ？

Knowns: molar concentration = 2.5 mol/L

volume of solution = 2 L

Unknown: number of moles = ? mole

2.5 mol
2L × = 5.0 mole
1L
A solution of sodium carbonate, Na2CO3, has a concentration of 0.03 mol/dm3.
what mass of sodium carbonate is dissolved in 1 dm3 of this solution?
Calcium carbonate reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid according to the equation
shown.
CaCO3 + 2HCl → CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O
10 g of calcium carbonate is reacted with 100cm3 of 1dm3 of 1mol/dm3
hydrochloric acid.
What is the volume of carbon dioxide formed?
What is the mass of the calcium chloride formed?
 n
c=
V
n
V=
c

n=c×V
Making dilutions

After diluting a solution, the number of moles of solute per unit volume ,
but the total number of moles of solute in solution .
moles of solute before dilution = moles of solute after dilution

moles of solute = molar concentration (c) × volume of solution (V)

moles of solute = c1 × V1 = c2 × V2
Example

How many milliliters of aqueous 2.00 mol/dm 3 MgSO4 solution must be diluted
with water to prepare 100.0 dm3 of aqueous 0.400 mol/dm3 MgSO4 ？

Knowns: c1 = 2.00 mol/dm3

c2 = 0.400 mol/dm3
V2 = 100 dm3
Unknown: V1= ? dm3

c2 × V2 0.400 mol/dm3 × 100 dm3

V1 = = = 20.0 dm3
c1 2.00 mol/dm3
Measuring devices

High precision

Pipette (pipet) Burette