Frequency

Response
Response
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION

In our sinusoidal circuit analysis, we have learned

how to find voltages and currents in a circuit with a
constant frequency source. If we let the amplitude
of the sinusoidal source remain constant and vary
the frequency, we obtain the circuit’s
FREQUENCY RESPONSE.
INTRODUCTION

The frequency response of a system is defined as

the system's steady-state response to a sinusoidal
signal.
INTRODUCTION
The frequency response of an electric or electronics
circuit helps the electrical field to allows us to see
how the output gain (also known as the magnitude
response) and phase (also known as the phase
response) change over a wide range of frequencies,
from 0Hz (d.c.) to many thousands of megahertz
(MHz), depending on the circuit's design
characteristics.
INTRODUCTION
The main difference between series and parallel
resonance is that series resonance occurs when the
arrangement of the components creates the
minimum impedance, whereas parallel resonance
occurs when the arrangement of components
creates the largest impedance.
Frequency Response
Response

SUBTOPICS:
1. SERIES RESONANCE
2. PARALLEL RESONANCE
Frequency Response
Frequency Response
Response

The sinusoidal steady-state frequency responses of

circuits are of significance in many applications,
especially in communications and control systems. A
specific application is in electric filters that block out
or eliminate signals with unwanted frequencies and
pass signals of the desired frequencies. Filters are
used in radio, TV, and telephone systems to separate
one broadcast frequency from another.
Frequency Response
Response

The frequency response of a system is defined

as the steady-state response of the system to
a sinusoidal input.
The transfer function describing the sinusoidal
steady-state behavior is obtained by replacing
s with jω in the system transfer function, that
is,
H(jω) = H(s)|s=jω
H(jω) is called the sinusoidal transfer function.
SERIES RESONANCE
SERIES RESONANCE
Response

Series Resonance circuits are one of the most

important circuits used electrical and electronic
circuits. They can be found in various forms such as
in AC mains filters, noise filters and also in radio and
television tuning circuits producing a very selective
tuning circuit for the receiving of the different
frequency channels. Consider the simple series RLC
circuit below.
SERIES RESONANCE
Response
SERIES RESONANCE
Response

Firstly, let us define what we already know about

series RLC circuits.
SERIES RESONANCE
Response

Series Resonance Frequency

SERIES RESONANCE
Response

Electrical resonance occurs in an AC circuit when the

effects of the two reactances, which are opposite and
equal, cancel each other out as XL = XC. The point on
the above graph at which this happens is were the two
reactance curves cross each other.
SERIES RESONANCE
Response

In a series resonant circuit, the resonant frequency, ƒr

point can be calculated as follows.
SERIES RESONANCE
Response
SERIES RESONANCE
Response

Note that when the capacitive reactance dominates the

circuit the impedance curve has a hyperbolic shape to
itself, but when the inductive reactance dominates the
circuit the curve is non-symmetrical due to the linear
response of XL.
SERIES RESONANCE
Response

FORMULAS:
SERIES RESONANCE
Response

FORMULAS:
SERIES RESONANCE
Response

FORMULAS:
SERIES RESONANCE
Response

FORMULAS:
SERIES RESONANCE
Response

FORMULAS:
SERIES RESONANCE
Response

FORMULAS:
SERIES RESONANCE
Response

Example problem:
A series resonance network consisting of a
resistor of 30Ω, a capacitor of 2uF and an
inductor of 20mH is connected across a
sinusoidal supply voltage which has a constant
output of 9 volts at all frequencies.
SERIES RESONANCE
Response

Calculate, the resonant frequency, the current at

resonance, the voltage across the inductor and
capacitor at resonance, the quality factor and the
bandwidth of the circuit. Also sketch the
corresponding current waveform for all frequencies.
SERIES RESONANCE
Response

SOLUTION:
SERIES RESONANCE
Response

SOLUTION:
SERIES RESONANCE
Response

SOLUTION:
SERIES RESONANCE
Response

SOLUTION:
SERIES RESONANCE
Response

SOLUTION:
SERIES RESONANCE
Response

SOLUTION:
 PARALLEL
RESONANCE
PARALLEL RESONANCE
Response

The parallel RLC circuit in Fig. 14.25 is the dual of

the series RLC circuit. So, we will avoid needless
repetition. The admittance is
PARALLEL RESONANCE
Response

Or
PARALLEL RESONANCE
Response

Example problem:
In the parallel RLC circuit of Fig. 14.27, let R = 8 k 𝛀, L = 0.2
mH, and C = 8 𝜇F. (a) Calculate 𝜔0 Q, and B. (b) Find 𝜔1
and 𝜔2 (c) Determine the power dissipated at 𝜔0, 𝜔1, and 𝜔2
PARALLEL RESONANCE
Response

Solution
(b) Due to the high value of Q, we can regard this as a high-Q
circuit, Hence,
PARALLEL RESONANCE
Response

Solution
PARALLEL RESONANCE
Response

Solution
PARALLEL RESONANCE
Response

Solution
Conclusion
CONCLUSION
A frequency response explains a system's steady-state
reaction to sinusoidal inputs of changing frequencies
and helps control engineers to study and develop
control systems in the frequency domain of an electric
circuit.
CONCLUSION
The frequency response of a device or circuit
illustrates how its gain, or the amount of signal it lets
through, changes with frequency over a particular
range of signal frequencies.
CONCLUSION
In terms of frequency response, simulations provide
you the opportunity to properly forecast your circuit's
reaction before you create it. Another benefit is that it
saves time, money, and improves the quality of your
design.
REFERENCE
Libretexts. (2022, May 22). 3.4: Frequency Response.
Engineering LibreTexts.
https://eng.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Electrical_Engineering/Ele
ctronics/Operational_Amplifiers
%3A_Theory_and_Practice_(Roberge)/
03%3A_Linear_System_Response/
3.04%3A_Frequency_Response?
fbclid=IwAR3ophgR640AISWcZiflIZqlM9yBWvS_i-roxt65bg3-
fzs1EbZowSWnoek
https://www.rfwireless-world.com/Terminology/series-resonance-
vs-parallel-
REFERENCES
Response

resonance.html?
fbclid=IwAR15hMU5rxYYGXenZ3RL71JR1tUZD0eS3nDeqwekA
eEZqlgd-gzplv0zuHk
https://engineering.purdue.edu/~zak/ECE_382-Fall_2018/
Frequency_resp.pdf?
fbclid=IwAR2L62XkwqlsWnnJzWQi77N7dJ3yHA0g1lPpP7N0TIb
6-mCnKVdqWoT6jfs
https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/amplifier/frequency-
response.html#:~:text=Frequency%20Response%20of%20an
%20electric,thousands%20of%20mega%2Dhertz%2C%20(
Nipun, B. (2015, November 2). Difference Between Series and