English for Academic and Professional

Senior High School- Applied Academic

Purposes

Application of Writing
Structures of Academic Texts

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Objectives:
∙ Determine text structure by applying appropriate
text mapping strategies and outlining
∙ Differentiate language used in academic texts
from various disciplines

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A three-part essay is composed of
three basic parts:
1.Introduction
2.Body
3.Conclusion

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What are possible strategies writers
can use to develop cohesive
paragraphs?

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Introduction
The introduction starts off the essay with ideas that
will be discussed in the body. The thesis statement
is usually found at the end of the introduction, and
it can act as a transitional sentence for the body.

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Introduction
•Introduces the topic
•Places the topic into context
•Provides background information
•Points out the aim of the text
•Describes how the aim will be fulfilled

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Introduction
•Provides a thesis statement for the text
•Suggests what the findings are
•Explains why the topic could be
considered interesting
•Catches the readers’ interest

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Body
The body is the main and most substantial part
of the entire essay which:
• Presents evidence to support the thesis
statement
• Can be broken down into parts

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Body
The body should do the following:
•Present research and data
•Analyze data
•Discuss data thoroughly

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Conclusion
•Restates the thesis statement
•Wraps up the essay
•Gives opportunity to evaluate the topic
•Should not present new material

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The conclusion should not have the
exact same thesis statement as the
one in the introduction. It is best to
reword it in the conclusion.

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 What strategies were used
to make the three-part essay
cohesive?

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How does knowing the structure of
essays help reading
comprehension?

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Structure of IMRAD
•IMRaD stands for Introduction, Methods,
Results, and Discussion, with a Conclusion.
•IMRaD aims to discuss research topics,
explaining the topic and its intended purpose.

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Structuring IMRaD: Introduction
•Contains the context of the study and addresses
what the study will entail
•Can include the background of the study rather
than an introduction
•Should include the aim(s) of the study

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Structuring IMRaD: Methods
The methods part includes the following:
•explanation of how aims and research questions were
fulfilled and answered
•methods used to collect data and ways to analyze the
said data
•the research design for the entire study

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Structuring IMRaD: Discussion
•Reminds readers of the topic of the study
•Analyzes and discusses presented results
•Contains recommendations

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Example 1
Listening to music may be a positive
experience for many junior high school
students while they study for major
subjects.

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Though there have not been many studies
that show a relationship between the two
variables, this particular study aimed to
determine how junior high school students
feel while they listen to particular genres of
music while studying for major exams.

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Results showed that JHS students felt that
listening to music, no matter the genre, was
helpful, and there are perceived effects that it
helped them do better on the tests
academically. Further studies may help confirm
a true relationship between listening to music
and better study habits.

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 Why is it important to include
visual representations of data in
the results of the IMRaD?

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REFERENCES
“The IMRaD Format.” Search Write, December 19, 2017.
https://sokogskriv.no/en/writing/structure-and-argumentation/the-imrad-format/.

“The Structure of Academic Texts.” Lnu.se. Accessed February 25, 2020.

https://lnu.se/en/library/Writing-and-referencing/the-structure-of-academic-texts/.

“The Structure of Academic Texts .” Karolinska Institutet Universitetsbiblioteket.

Accessed February 25, 2020.
https://kib.ki.se/en/write-cite/academic-writing/structure-academic-texts.

“Traditional Academic Essays in Three Parts.” Penn State Abington. Accessed

February 25, 2020. https://abington.psu.edu/traditional-academic-essays-three-parts.

“Writing a Scientific Research Report (IMRaD).” The Writing Center. Accessed

February 25, 2020. https://writingcenter.gmu.edu/guides/writing-an-imrad-report.

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English for Academic and Professional
Senior High School- Applied Academic
Purposes

Shukran,
Everyone!

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