001

FAKE NEWS

PROJECT BY: GIOVANNA GOMBO

2023/2024
 Index

Definition of fake news Dealing with fake news

History Deepfakes

Damaging effects Bots on social media

Types of fake news Internet trolls

2023/2024
 Index

Donald Trump

Varieties

Examples

Conclusion

2023/2024
Definition of fake news

• Propaganda and intentional wrong

• Intentional item
• Sensationalist, dishonest, or totally fabricated
headlines
• Misinformation

2023/2024
History
2023/2024
History

Ancient

• 1st century BC
• Octavian against Mark Antony
• Mark Antony’s will
• Cleopatra

2023/2024
History

Medieval

• In Trent
• Jews being arrested and tortured
• “Blood libel”

2023/2024
 History
Print era

• Johannes Gutenberg, 15th

century
• Governments, religious
institutions, and individuals
• Protestant Reformation, 16th
century
• Reformers and counter-
reformers

2023/2024
History
Yellow Journalism

• 1895 - 1898, United States

• Stories, headlines and
content
• William Randolph Hearst and
Joseph Pulitzer
• Spanish-American War, 1898

2023/2024
 History
Radio and Television

• 20th century
• News, entertainment, and
cultural programming
• Visual and auditory
experience
• War and political upheaval

2023/2024
 History

• Various media outlets and platforms

• Tendency to become viral
• Twitter
• Spread “three times” faster

2023/2024
 History

• Websites pay for contributions

• Sensational claim > Correct statement
• Contributors are paid more
• Premium payment

2023/2024
Damaging effects

2023/2024
 Damaging effects

Call into question

the credibility of
your sources

2023/2024
 Damaging effects

Provide you with

false, misleading,
Call into question or deceptive
the credibility of information used
your sources to make a decision
or take action

2023/2024
 Damaging effects

Provide you with

false, misleading,
Call into question or deceptive
the credibility of information used Confirm your
your sources to make a decision biases
or take action

2023/2024
 Damaging effects

Provide you with

false, misleading,
Call into question or deceptive Lead to lack of
the credibility of information used Confirm your belief or trust in
your sources to make a decision biases scientific findings
or take action

2023/2024
 Types of fake news

• Satire or parody • Impostor content

• False connection • Manipulated content

• Misleading content • Fabricated content

• False context • Scientific denialism

2023/2024
Dealing with fake news

2023/2024
 Dealing with fake news

Trust your instincts

Have enough general knowledge

to be able to determine
Example: text message (SMS)

2023/2024
 Dealing with fake news

Trust your instincts Check the source

Have enough general knowledge Does it look real? Is the text well
to be able to determine written?
Example: text message (SMS) Addresses
“About” page

2023/2024
 Dealing with fake news

Trust your instincts Check the source Watch out for fake photos

Have enough general knowledge Does it look real? Is the text well Photoshopped or taken
to be able to determine written? Look closely
Example: text message (SMS) Addresses Google Reverse Image search
“About” page

2023/2024
 Dealing with fake news

Trust your instincts Check the source Watch out for fake photos

Have enough general knowledge Does it look real? Is the text well Photoshopped or taken
to be able to determine written? Look closely
Example: text message (SMS) Addresses Google Reverse Image search
“About” page

Check the story in other places

Is the story on other news?

If yes, then it probably isn’t fake

2023/2024
 Dealing with fake news

Trust your instincts Check the source Watch out for fake photos

Have enough general knowledge Does it look real? Is the text well Photoshopped or taken
to be able to determine written? Look closely
Example: text message (SMS) Addresses Google Reverse Image search
“About” page

Check the story in other places Look for other signs

Is the story on other news? Using ALL CAPS and lots of ads
If yes, then it probably isn’t fake Think about how the story makes
you feel

2023/2024
 Deepfakes

• Synthetic media
• A picture has a greater impact
• Widespread attention
• Specialist software or knowledge
• Obvious flaws
• “The Hillary Song”

2023/2024
Bots on social media

• Spread of fake news

• Fake accounts and personalities
• 30% of the spam

2023/2024
 Internet trolls

• What is a troll?
• 1990s - provocation
• 2011 - abuse and misuse of the Internet
• Perpetrators of false information

2023/2024
 Donald Trump
• Popularizing and redefining the term
• Mainstream American media (“lying press”)
• Sharing fake news

“Fake news”

• Edited versions of Newsweek

articles
• MeidasTouch
• Removing several sections
• Ellipses
2023/2024
 Varieties

• Disinformation
• Misinformation
• Malinformation

2023/2024
Examples
2023/2024
Examples

Russian Interference in 2016 United States presidential

election

• 0ctober 7, 2016
• O D N I ’s r e p o r t
• January 2017
• July 13, 2018
• 11 d efen d an ts

2023/2024
Examples
Fake news in the Age of Covid-19

• Fake news
• Disinformation
• Blaming
• Misinformation
• False remedies

2023/2024
Conclusion

Thank you for your attention!

2023/2024