STRUCTURE OF RESPIRATORY TRACT

PROCESSES OF RESPIRATION

I. INHALATION AND
EXHALATION

II. GAS EXCHANGE IN

ALVEOLI

III. CELLULAR RESPIRATION

 INSPIRATION & EXPIRATION
INSPIRATION EXPIRATION
DIAPHRAGM CONTRACTS DIAPHRAGM RELAXEX

CURVATURE OF THE DIAPHRAGM DECREASE CURVATURE OF THE DIAPHRAGM INCREASE

INTERCOASTAL MUSCLES CONTRACT INTERCOASTAL MUSCLES RELAXES

RIB CAGE MOVE FORWARD AND UPWARD RIB CAGE MOVE BACKWARDAND DOWNWARD

AIR PRESSURE INSIDE THE LUNGS DECREASES AIR PRESSURE INSIDE THE LUNGS INCREASES

SIZE OF THORACIC CAVITY INCREASES SIZE OF THORACIC CAVITY DECREASES

AIR GOES IN TO THE LUNGS AIR COMES OUT FROM THE LUNGS
 GAS EXCHANGE IN ALVEOLI
1) OXIGEN ENTERS THE
BLOOD
2) CARBONDIOXIDE
ENTERS THE ALVEOLI
3) MACROPHAGES
ACROPHAGES ADD
ADD
PROTECTION
GAS TRANSPORT IN BLOOD

OXYGEN TRANSPORT
• ATTACHED TO HAEMOGLOBIN AS
OXIHAEMOGLOBIN
• SMALL AMOUNT IS DISSOLVED IN BLOOD PLASMA
CARBONDIOXIDE TRANSPORT
• IN BLOOD PLASMA AS BICARBONATE ION
• SMALL AMOUNT IS CARRIED BY RBC
 ADOPTATIONS FOR EFFICIENT GAS EXCHANGE

 LARGE NUMBER OF
ALVEOLI
 HIGHLY VASCULARIZED
 WALL OF ALVEOLI IS THIN
 WALL OF BLOOD
CAPILARY IS THIN
 INNER SURFACE IS
MOISTURIZED
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
1. cells turn food into energy
2. occurs in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells
3. occurs in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells
AEROBIC RESPIRATION
ANAROBIC RESPIRATION
FACTORS INFLUENCING RESPIRATORY RATE AND
DEPTH
• PHYSICAL FACTORS • CHEMICAL FACTORS
• INCREASED BODY • CARBONDIOXIDE LEVELS
TEMPERATURE • OXYGEN LEVELS
• EXERCISE • BOHR EFFECT
• TALKING • ACIDITY INFLUENCE
• COUGHING • RESPIRATION REGULATION
• LAUGHING • TISSUE OXIGANATION
• VOLITION
 RESPIRATORY DISEASES

 TUBERCULOSIS
 BRONCHITIS
 LUNG CANCERS
 ASTHMA
 SILICOSIS
 ASBASTOSIS
THANKYOU

PRESENTED BY VINUKI PERERA

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