CFSE Exam Preparation: Section I-5

Section 5:
Identifying SIF
• How can I identify safety functions?
• Process Hazard Analysis (PHA)
• Getting LOPA data from PHA reports
• Identifying safety functions from engineering
drawings

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CFSE Exam Preparation: Section I-5

How can I identify the SIF that should

be used on my process?
• Review the design documentation
– Process Hazards Analysis Report
– Process Licensor P&IDs
– Detailed Design Contractor P&IDs

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 CFSE Exam Preparation: Section I-5
Identifying SIF from PHA Reports
Typical PHA Report - (HazOp)
Dev Causes
1.0 - More Pressure
Column Steam Reboiler
Pressure Control fails,
causing excessive heat input.
Steam reboiler tube leak
causes high pressure steam
to enter vessel
Consequences Safeguards Recommendations
Column Overpressure Pressure relief valve, Install SIS to stop
and potential mechanical operator intervention to reboiler steam flow upon
failure of the vessel and high pressure alarms, high column pressure
release of its contents. Mechanical design of
vessel.
Column Overpressure Pressure relief valve, See previous item
and potential mechanical operator intervention to
failure of the vessel and high pressure alarms.
release of its contents.
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CFSE Exam Preparation: Section I-5

Identifying SIF from PHA reports

What information do I need?
• Description of the safety instrumented
function
• Hazard being prevented and its
consequences
• Initiating Events which cause the
consequence
• Safeguards (both SIS and non-SIS) used to
prevent the consequence from occurring

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 CFSE Exam Preparation: Section I-5

SIF Description
• Find all of the existing and recommended SIF
• Recommended SIF found in
Recommendations Column, Existing SIF
found in Safeguards Column
Existing Safeguard Recommended Safeguard
Dev Causes Consequences Safeguards Recommendations
Column Steam Reboiler Column Overpressure Pressure relief valve, Install SIS to stop
Pressure Control fails, and potential mechanical operator intervention to reboiler steam flow upon
causing excessive heat input. failure of the vessel and high pressure alarms, high column pressure
release of its contents. Mechanical design

Low flow through pump Pump seal fails and Low Outlet flow pump Existing safeguards
causes pump failure and releases flammable Shutdown SIS. Adequate
subsequent seal failure material

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 CFSE Exam Preparation: Section I-5

Hazard and Consequences

• The hazard that is being prevented, and its
consequence can be found in a
consequences or description of hazard
column

Dev Causes Consequences Safeguards Recommendations

Column Steam Reboiler Column Overpressure Pressure relief valve, Install SIS to stop
Pressure Control fails, and potential mechanical operator intervention to reboiler steam flow upon
causing excessive heat input. failure of the vessel and high pressure alarms, high column pressure
release of its contents. Mechanical design

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 CFSE Exam Preparation: Section I-5

Initiating Events
• In HAZOP, Initiating events in causes column
• What-If and Checklist questions
• Potential for multiple initiating events per
hazard Both Initiating Events cause the same consequence
Dev Causes Consequences Safeguards Recommendations
1.0 - More Pressure
Column Steam Reboiler Column Overpressure Pressure relief valve, Install SIS to stop
Pressure Control fails, and potential mechanical operator intervention to reboiler steam flow upon
causing excessive heat input. failure of the vessel and high pressure alarms, high column pressure
release of its contents. Mechanical design of
vessel.
Steam reboiler tube leak Column Overpressure Pressure relief valve, See previous item
causes high pressure steam and potential mechanical operator intervention to
to enter vessel failure of the vessel and high pressure alarms.
release of its contents.
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 CFSE Exam Preparation: Section I-5

Safeguards
• Find both non-SIS and SIS Safeguards, other
than SIS under study
• Safeguards apply to initiating events, multiple
safeguards per initiating event may exist
Dev Causes Consequences Safeguards Recommendations
1.0 - More Pressure
Column Steam Reboiler Column Overpressure Pressure relief valve, Install SIS to stop
Pressure Control fails, and potential mechanical operator intervention to reboiler steam flow upon
causing excessive heat input. failure of the vessel and high pressure alarms, high column pressure
release of its contents. Mechanical design of
vessel.
Steam reboiler tube leak Column Overpressure Pressure relief valve, See previous item
causes high pressure steam and potential mechanical operator intervention to
to enter vessel failure of the vessel and high pressure alarms.
release of its contents.

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CFSE Exam Preparation: Section I-5

Identifying SIF from P&IDs

• PHA Studies not always 100% effective

• Past experience of Licensors and Detailed Design
Contractors is incorporated into the design
• SIF in the design package not typically differentiated
from other control loops
• Identification of SIF based on P&ID representation
required control engineering expertise
• Hazard, consequence, and safeguards related to SIF
required process and risk assessment expertise

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CFSE Exam Preparation: Section I-5

Summary:
Identifying SIF
• How can I identify safety functions?
• Process Hazard Analysis (PHA)
• Getting LOPA data from PHA reports
• Identifying safety functions from engineering
drawings

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