The Great Depression in

Canada
 W H AT A R E T H E C A U S E S O F T H E D E P R E S S I O N I N C A N A D A ?

L
A
IN S, Y
G R A S R G G
N
I FO S A
D IT A ND LO Y
O
W
D C T N SE S M LA O S
N EA T
R
G AN DU C A E A RT C H I
O D D
EM PR
O CR XP TE AN RE
D IN E C
A W
R
FIRST OVERPRODUCTION
WORLD
WA R

DIFFERENT
COUNTRIES SAME
M I S TA K E S

INCREASE IN ALLOWED A
STOCK MARKET HUGE GAP
WITH NO BETWEEN POOR
R E G U L AT I O N R A I S E D TA R I F F S AND RICH
TO PROTECT
LOCAL
PRODUCERS
 H O W D E E P WA S T H E G R E AT D E P R E S S I O N I N C A N A D A ?

U N E M P L O Y M E N T R AT E A G R I C U LT U R A L P R I C E S F E L L
ROSE FROM 4% TO 27% AND
DRAUGHTS/GRASSHOPPERS
DESTROY THE CROPS

INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION E X P O RT S W E R E H I T
FELL BY 50% B Y U S TA R I F F S

C A N A D A D I D N ' T FA C E B A N K R U P T C Y
OR A CRA SH, BUT THE RECOV ERY
WA S S L O W E R T H A N T H AT I N U S

• Liberal • Conservative

X
• Deny gov's intervention • Exploit economic crises
• Believed in self regulation
• to attack liberal and
Decided for not helping the
made false pledges
provinces
RICHARD B.
MACKENZIE KING
BENNETT
 T H E C O N S E R VAT I V E G O V E R N M E N T O F B E N N E T T
1931-1934

+ 20 MILLION FOR
RELIEF PROGRAMS

NO TOLERANCE WITH
SOCIAL MOVEMENTS • Creation of Government work camps
for keeping agitators far from cities
(U$0.20 per day)
• • Tariffs on imports were raised to 50%
Infiltrated spies into unions
• Marches were prohibited to protect the national economy
• • Refused to grant financial aid for the
Agitators arrested and deported
• Censorship on books and provinces and accuse them of wasting
newspapers money in relief
• Even though all the repressive
actions, camps' workers march to
Ottawa
 BENNETT'S CHANGE IN 1935

Theory 1
The committee's results
triggered his social
awareness — which came
stems from his religiosity
— and led him to
Shantytowns spread over the country
empower state position
(Donald Creighton)
Theory 2
Bennett feared the Stevens
popularity and adopted
those measures to regain
Bennett lost popularity and popularity and save his
leadership
(Robert Bothwell)
being named after him as Bennett-
burghs

Harry Stevens accused stores of keeping prices

unnecessarily high and manufactures of engaging of
UNEMPLOYMENT prices gouging and Bennett begins a sudden INCREASED THE
INSURANCE AND GOVERNMENT
M I N I M U M WA G E turnaround to the left I N T E RV E N T I O N

INCREASED AID TO CONTRIBUTE TO

FA R M E R S A N D PROVINCES WITH
R E G U L AT E D P R I C E S FEDERAL FUNDS
THE PROVINCIAL RADICAL RESPONSES TO THE CRISIS

T H E C A N A D I A N C O M M U N I S T PA R T Y

• founded in 1921
• It was banned from politics and had its leaders
jailed
• The federal government initiated a crusade
against the communist threat

T H E C O - O P E R AT I V E
C O M M O N W E A LT H
F E D E R AT I O N ( C C F )

• Founded in Alberta by farmers and labour unions

• Defended the "democratic socialism" and received many votes in countryside provinces
• Proposed the Regina Manifesto: nationalization of banks and industries, a national
minimum wage, unemployment benefits and state-owned farms
• Its first executive win came only in 1944
THE PROVINCIAL RADICAL RESPONSES TO THE CRISIS

T H E S O C I A L C R E D I T PA R T Y
CONCLUSION

After listening about how the provinces and

• Led by William Aberhart (the "Bible Bill")
• Came up with the "theory of social credit": if
everyone receive a grant the consumption will be
stimulated and the economy would recover faster
• After being elected to run Alberta he failed to
honor his pledge of paying U$25.00 for every
single adult
federalTeacher's conclusion
authorities faced that crisis, write a
short paragraph giving your own conclusion
about their rules to respond to the depression.
The Bennett's New Deal was judged
unconstitutional by the court and the
provincial government were forced to run the
relief actions, leading people to vote against
Bennett seen as unsuccessful leader

T H E U N I O N N AT I O N A L E

• Won election in the province of Quebec

• Adopted measures only to tackle agricultural problems
• Imposed a strict restriction to communist advertising
THE LIBERALS GOVERNMENT OF MACKENZIE KING
1935-1939

King won the election and liberals took the power once more

• Liberals didn't propose new measures or huge changes, only the return
to free trade
• He was benefited by the first signs of improvement by natural trade
cycle
• Reverted the Bennett's reform and limited the scope of social services
• Cooperation with the Federal Government was a matter and many
provinces refused to accept federal intervention

N !
M A
A D
S B
N K
A
S U C H A S U N I T E D S TAT E S TH
E C O N O M Y, T H E S E C O N D
W O R L D WA R H A S T O B E
RECOGNIZED AS THE KEY
TO RECOVER THE
CANADIAN ECONOMY