CIVIL RIGHTS AND SOCIAL

MOVEMENTS
Week
Native1
Americans
and the first
African-
American
leaders
Goals
What were
the demands
of the Native
American
movements?
 NATIVE AMERICANS BEFORE 1900
Indian Removal Act of 1830 North America
Dawes Act of 1887 Nomadic/sedentary groups
Paternalism and assimilation Agriculture and buffalo hunting
Relocation to indigenous reservations
TOK link
You will watch a short video about the Mesoamerica
native Americans
in movies. Use it to think about this question:
Urban civilization (Aztec Federation)
Genocide caused by the European Conquest Mayan city-state
The phrase "Redskin", which grouped the tribes into one
(diseases, alcohol, acculturation)
homogeneous entity, is a generalizationSimilar myths
that is no shared (identity)
longer
in use. The French novelist Alexander Agriculture
Dumas and trade ("owning")
famously
Native communal land misappropriated
claimed "all generalizations are dangerous, even this
Compulsory work one".
(MitaCan you think of any dangerous generalizations
/ Encomienda)
in the Spanish colonies that are common in the South
modern America
world?
Urban civilization (Inca Empire)
Slavery in Brazil
Nomadic/sedentary groups
Agriculture, hunt and fishing
 FIRST ORGANIZED MOVEMENTS
Some improvements raise up...
Some native lands restored to tribes
Navajo code talkers brought attention to natives' aid in WWII
Education widespread among the Native Americans
The National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) was founded

Other misunderstandings persisted...

1930-1945 After Roosevelt other presidents intensified the TERMINATION policy
(Abandoned after NCAI protests with Eisenhower)

Main flags: voter registration, health care and education

American
Unable to unify the Native nations led it to lost representativeness
individualism
(many tribes were against integration)
x
Internal disputes led it to break up into new entities
native
A new generation of leaders coped out of the NCAI
collectivism
They founded the National Indian
Youth Council (NIYC) in 1961 and
the American Indian Movement
(AIM) seven years later
 FIRST ORGANIZED MOVEMENTS
Average annual
male income
DIRECT ACTION
• Led the "fish-in" protest
1970
European American
$9.000
(According to Treaty Rights)
• Refuted money compensation in
Afro-American
favor of land restitution for tribes $5.400
Favorable • Mirrored the NAACP strategy
• African American
context appealing to courts Native
organizations • Occupation of Alcatraz in 1969 American
actions as (Purchase proposal of $24) $3.500
inspiration • Trail of Broken Treaties in 1972
• Native Americans (March to Washington) Average annual
living in urban • Confrontation at Wounded Knee in female income
areas increased 1973 (first armed conflict) 1970
$6.823
due to the • Charging drivers on busy highways
(Native tolls) $5.258
relocation policy
• Americans have Native Americans received the legal recognition
not seen Native (religious freedom, protection of their heritage),
$1.700but
Americans as a poverty and social issues were not solved up to now
treaty to their