Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking

Ⅰ.核心单词
physiology n. 生理学；生理机能
1．________
2．________
crucial adj. 至关重要的；关键性的
3．________
vital adj. 必不可少的，极其重要的
objective n. 目标；目的
4．________
adj. 客观的
property n. 性质，特征；财产
5．________
extract
6．________ n. 提取物；摘录
vt. 提取，提炼
7．________
boil vt.& vi. (使)沸腾，煮开
n. 沸腾，沸点
obtain
8．________ vt. 获得，赢得
vi. (规章，习俗等)存在，流行
9．________
defeat n. 失败，挫败
vt. 击败，战胜
10．________
apparently adv. 显而易见；显然；看来
11．________
substance n. 物质；物品；事实根据
insist
12．________ vi.& vt. 坚持；坚决要求
13．________
mostly adv. 主要地；一般地
 Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．________
commit (过去式________，过去分词__________)
committed committed vt.承诺；
保证(某个人、机构等) vi.忠于；全身心投入(工作、活动等)→________ committed
adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的
2．________
academy n．(艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科院
academic adj.学业的；学术的____________
校→________ academically adv.学术上
3．________
botanical adj.植物学的→________
botany n．植物学
evaluate vt.评价，评估→________
4．________ evaluationn．评估，评价
distinct adj.清晰的；清楚的；有区别的→________
5．________ distinction n．区别；
卓越
 6．________
liquid n．液体 adj.液体的；液态的→________ solid n．固体
→________
gas n．气体
acknowledge vt. 承 认 ( 属 实 、 权 威 等 ) ； ( 公 开 ) 感 谢
7 ． ____________
acknowledgement n．承认；(公开的)感谢
→______________
analysis n．分析
analyse vt.分析→________
8．________
scientific adj.科学(上)的→________
9．________ scientist n．科学家→________
science n．科
学
conclusion n．结论，推论→________
10．________ conclude vt.推断出；得出结论 vi.
结束，终止
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．________________________
award sb. sth./award sth. to sb. 授予某人某物
2．____________
a treatment for... 一种针对……的疗法
3．__________________
with the objective of... 有……的目的
a collection of... 一批……/一群……
4．____________
5．____________
get stuck 陷入僵局/困境
6．____________
by chance 碰巧；意外地
draw out
7．____________ 提取出
8．____________
insist on 坚持，坚决要求
test sth. on sb. 在某人身上试验某物
9．____________
a team effort
10．____________ 团队的努力
 Ⅳ.重点句型
1．In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan, ________
where malaria
was more common, to study malaria patients.
一开始，屠呦呦去了疟疾比较普遍的海南省，研究疟疾患者。
2．____________
Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she
said, “The honour is not just mine...”
当她得知自己被授予了诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这个荣誉不仅仅属
于我……”
Read the whole text and choose the best answers.
1．What's the main theme of the text about? _____
A
A．A Nobel Prize winner.
B．The Nobel Prize.
C．A new treatment for malaria.
D．The process of the research.
 2．Which of the following statements about artemisinin is NOT true
D
according to the passage? _____
A．It has saved so many lives.
B．It has improved people's health.
C．It is a great discovery.
D．It has saved 100,000 lives a year in the world.
3．Where is the passage possibly chosen from? _____
B
A．A hospital registration.
B．A report of great people.
C．A speech for Nobel Prize.
D．A book about medicine.
4．Why did Tu Youyou became the head of the project? _____
D
A．She went to Hainan at first.
B．She graduated from Peking University.
C．She was committed and patient.
D．It wasn't showed in the text.
 5．Which of the following statements is true according to the last
C
three paragraphs? _____
A．Tu Youyou led some ancient workers.
B．It is the dried wormwood leaves that cured the disease.
C．Tu Youyou got the idea by analysing.
D．The boiling fresh wormwood was useful.
►第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1．vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的
It is vital that.../to do sth. ……很重要
❶The port is vital to supplying relief to millions of drought victims.
这个港口对向数百万旱灾灾民提供救援物资是至关重要的。
❷They are both very vital people and a good match.他俩都很有活
力，十分般配。
❸Nick Wileman is a school caretaker, so it is vital that he gets on well
with young people.
尼克·威尔曼是学校的管理员，因此他与年轻人搞好关系很重要。
❹It is vital to keep promises.信守诺言非常重要。
[即学即练] 根据汉语意思完成句子
①阅读在语言学习中至关重要。
Reading is of ________________
vital importance in language learning.
②警察在我们的社会中起着极其重要的作用。
The police ________________
play a vital role in our society.
③隐私和信任极其重要。
Privacy and trust are ________________.
vitally important
④对自己的孩子坦诚非常重要。
It is vital to be
________________ honest with your children.
 词块积累：absolutely vital至关重要
vital importance/information/interests/organs/role/signs至关重要/关
键信息/切身利益/重要器官/重要的作用/生命体征
 2.committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚信的；坚定的
(1)be committed to (doing) sth. 对……坚定；忠于……；致力
于……
(2)commit v．(committed, committed) 犯(罪)；做(错事等)；承
诺；投入(钱、时间、精力等)
commit a crime/mistake 犯罪/错
commit oneself/sb. to (doing) sth. 承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议
或安排等)，致力于
commit sth. to sth. 把某物(钱、时间、精力等)投入某事(to为介
词)
commit oneself to doing 承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排
等)
 ❶To my pride, there come millions of committed communists in
China.
我感到自豪的是中国涌现出数以百万的忠诚的共产主义者。
❷The hotel continues to be committed to providing customers with
“Safe Facilities, Healthy Environment and Excellent Service”．
这家酒店继续致力于为顾客提供“安全设施、健康环境和优质服
务”。
❸Women commit fewer crimes than men.女性犯罪比男性少。
❹The banks have committed themselves to boosting profits by
slashing costs.
银行已作出保证，要通过大幅度削减成本来提高利润。
 ❺He committed himself to working for peace through his life.他一
生奉献于和平事业。
❻They called on Western nations to commit more money to the
poorest nations.
他们呼吁西方国家向极端贫困国家投入更多的钱。
 [即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The young man has committed his whole life to ________ teaching
(teach)．
②She is ________
committed(commit) to working on her project.
③I would advise people to think very carefully about committing
themselves ________
to working on Sundays.
④He ________
committed (commit) the crime under the influence of alcohol.
 联想拓展：commitment n．承诺；奉献；投入
make a commitment作出承诺
A woman complained that her partner would never make a
commitment to marriage.
一个女人抱怨她的男友从未作出结婚的承诺。
3.evaluate vt.评价，评估
(1)evaluate... as... 把……评为……
(2)evaluation n. 评估，评价
 ❶I can't evaluate his ability without seeing his work.
我没有看到他的工作情况，无法评价他的能力。
❷It can be difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of different
treatments.
要对各种治疗方法的效果作出评估会很难。
❸It is well­known that Han Hong has done quantities of charity
devotion, and it's hard to evaluate her just as a singer.
众所周知，韩红为慈善事业做了很多贡献，因此很难只评价她是
一个歌手。
❹Therefore, establishing an evaluation system is necessary for our
course reform.
因此，对我们的课程改革来讲，建立一个评价体系是很有必要
的。
 [即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It is widely acknowledged that students should be __________
evaluated
(evaluate) in terms of overall quality.
evaluation (evaluate)
②The key approaches to be used in test and ________
have been proven right.
 高考助记：
In order that you can stay motivated to achieve the goal, firstly you
need to evaluate yourself properly.
为了保持动力去实现目标，首先你需要恰当地评估自己。
 4.obtain vt.& vi.(尤指经努力)获得，赢得；(规章、习俗等)存
在，流行
obtain from... 从……中获得/取得
obtain sth. 获得/取得某物
❶They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the liquid
obtained from this to treat malaria.
然后，他们试着把新鲜的苦艾煮沸，然后用从中提取的液体来治
疗疟疾。
❷Only with a firm determination will we obtain such change.
只有坚定信念我们才能取得这样的改变。
 [即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He ________
obtained (obtain) the property with a bank loan.
from
②The scientist obtained a substance ________ the experiment.
③He always managed to obtain ________________
what he wanted (得到他想要的东
西)．
 熟词生义：
The longer this situation obtains, the more extensive the problems
become.(v.存在)
这种局面持续的时间越长，问题波及的范围就越广。
5.acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢
(1)acknowledge (doing) sth. 承认(做了)某事
(2)acknowledge that... 承认……
(3)acknowledge sb./sth. to be/as... 承认某人/某事是……
(4)It is acknowledged that... ……是大家公认的
 ❶Finally Mike acknowledge having told lies to his English teacher.
最后，迈克承认自己向他的英语老师说谎了。
❷They acknowledged that they were defeated.他们承认他们被打
败了。
❸Lang Lang is acknowledged as/to be a world­class young pianist.
郎朗被认为是一名世界级青年钢琴演奏家。
❹It is universally acknowledged that trees are vital to our life.
人们普遍认为，树木对我们的生活极其重要。
 [即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Her years of hard work have finally been acknowledged ___________
(acknowledge) after a customer nominated (提名) her to be Cheshire's
Woman Of The Year.
②I started to acknowledge failure ________
as exactly what it is: an
unavoidable part of everyone's life — nothing more and nothing less.
联想拓展：acknowledgement n．承认，感谢
 6.defeat n．挫败；失败 vt.击败；战胜
❶He declared that we are to defeat those who attempted to tear the
world down in time.
他宣布：我们迟早会打败那些企图撕裂世界的人。
❷This is why most senior high school students suffer defeat every
day.
这就是如今大多数高中生每天遭受失败的原因。
 [即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Nian was___________
defeated (defeat), and from then on, the color red has
been considered to bring good luck and good fortune to all.
②Most of you really believe that the way you get to what you do
want is ________
to defeat (defeat) what you do not want.
 易混辨析：defeat, beat和win的用法区别
①defeat和beat都表示“在战斗或竞赛中战胜、打败(对手)”，后
接竞赛对手(人或某一团体)，可以互换，如：beat/defeat the
competitor/the country/the team/...。
②beat还可表示“连续或反复地打或跳动”，因此，像心脏跳
动、打鼓、打拍子之类具有连续性或反复性的动作，一般用beat，如
beat a drum(敲鼓)。
③win表示“战胜；赢得”，其宾语通常是比赛、战争、奖品或
表示尊重、崇拜意义的词，如win a game/a war/a prize/an honour。特
别要注意，竞争对手不能作其宾语。
7.conclude vt.作出结论；结束；完成
(1)conclude (sth.) with/by doing... 以(做)……结束(某事)
(2)conclude... from... 从……中推断出……
(3)conclude (from...) that... (从……)推断出，断定
(4)to conclude 总而言之；最后
(5)It is/was concluded that... 结论是……
 ❶He concluded his class with a funny story.
他以一个有趣的故事结束了他的课。
❷He concluded his speech by wishing everyone a safe trip home.
他以祝大家归途平安结束了讲话。
❸What can be concluded from the last paragraph?
从最后一段能得出什么结论？
❹Researchers conclude that the French tend to stop eating when
they feel full.
研究者们得出结论：当法国人感觉到吃饱了时，会停止进食。
❺To conclude, I wish you a happy New Year.最后，我祝大家新年
快乐。
 [即学即练] 单句语法填空
from them?
①Those are the facts; what do you conclude ________
②The story concluded ________
with the hero's death.
③I've come to the conclusion ________
that he's not the right person for
the job.
④________
In conclusion, she wished her comrades every success in
their work.
⑤Some people jumped hurriedly to the conclusion
________ (conclude) that
something must be wrong.
To
⑥________ conclude, I wish this meeting a complete success.
 联想拓展：
(1)arrive at/come to/draw/reach a conclusion得出结论
(2)jump to conclusions匆忙下结论
(3)in conclusion最后，总之
He came to/arrived at the conclusion that the machine was out of
order.
他断定那台机器出了毛病。
I shouldn't jump to conclusions.
我不该草率地下结论。
In conclusion, I would like to gratefully acknowledge financial
support from the local businesses.
最后，我要衷心感谢当地企业的财务资助。
 8.apparently adv.显而易见；看来；显然
apparent adj. 显而易见的；显然的
It is apparent (to sb.) that... (对某人来说)……是显而易见的
❶He paused, apparently lost in thought.他停顿下来，显然陷入了
沉思。
❷She was apparently a very nervous woman, and that affected her
career.
她显然是个很神经质的女人，这影响到了她的事业。
❸It was apparent from her face that she was really upset.从她脸上
能明显看出她的不安。
 [即学即练] 单句语法填空
①________It soon became apparent to everyone that he couldn't sing.
②I thought she had retired, but apparently
________ (apparent) she hasn't.
③显然他在撒谎。
It is apparent that he is lying.
________________________________________________________
________________
 联想拓展：clearly, obviously, evidently
Clearly, this will cost a lot more than we realised.显而易见，这将比
我们意识到的花费要多得多。
Diet and exercise are obviously important.显然，饮食和运动是重要
的。
She was in bed and evidently in great pain.她躺在床上，显然非常
痛苦。
 9.insist vi.& vt.坚持；坚决要求
(1)insist on/upon (doing) sth. 坚持(做)某事
(2)insist that...
①坚持说/认为……(从句内容表示一个事实，从句谓语按实际需
要选择时态)
②强烈要求/坚持……(从句用虚拟语气，即should＋动词原形，
should可以省略)
 ❶She kept insisting on her innocence.她坚称自己无罪。
❷I might fail, but anyhow I will insist on doing it. I never lose heart.
我可能会失败，但无论怎样，我会坚持做下去的。我永远不会丧
失信心。
❸You should respect the views of others, and at the same time insist
on what you think is right.
你应该尊重别人的观点，同时坚持你认为正确的。
❹Though all his friends blamed him, he insisted that he had done
nothing wrong.
尽管他所有的朋友都责备他，但他坚持认为他没做错任何事。
❺My mother insisted that I (should) clean my room first.
妈妈强烈要求我先把我的房间打扫干净。
 [即学即练] 单句语法填空
①They insisted that we (should)
____________
be sent (send) to the countryside to
work as practice teachers.
had
②His friends insisted he ________ (have) no connection with drugs.
③He insisted that he ________
was (be) not ill, but the doctor insisted
(should) take (take) the medicine.
that he ___________
 巧学助记：
We insisted that the girl was qualified for the job, but the manager
insisted that she (should) not be offered the job because of her shyness as a
receptionist.
我们坚持说这个女孩是能胜任这份工作的，但经理坚持主张不给
她这份工作，因为她当接待员会害羞。
第二版块|重点句型剖析
1．(教材P2)In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where
malaria was more common, to study malaria patients.
一开始，屠呦呦去了疟疾比较普遍的海南省，研究疟疾患者。
本句中不定式(短语)作目的状语。不定式(短语)作目的状语，意
为“为了……”，可放在句首、句中或句末。
 ❶To accomplish the task, she worked day and night.为了完成任
务，她日夜赶工。
❷Simon made a big bamboo box to keep the little sick bird till it
could fly.
西蒙制作了一个大竹箱来养这只生病的小鸟，直到它能飞起来。
❸Everyone should try his best to save our earth.每个人都应该竭尽
全力拯救我们的地球。
 [即学即练] 用动词不定式(短语)完成句子
①为了度过一个愉快又安全的节日，人们被禁止燃放烟花。
To spend a pleasant and safe festival
_____________________________， people were not allowed to set
off fireworks.
②为了到达那座岛，他们做了很多徒劳的尝试。
to reach that island
They made many vain attempts ____________________.
③被邀请参加会议，我感到非常荣幸。
I feel greatly honoured ________________
to be invited to the meeting.
④我的对手试图打败我，却使我变得更强大。
My opponent attempted to defeat me, ____________________.
only to make me stronger
⑤听说学校电脑网络出现了故障，艾丽斯情绪很低落。
Alice was in low spirits ________________
to hear that the school computer
network had broken down.
 特别提示：不定式(短语)在句中还可以作结果状语和原因状语。
We hurried to the classroom only to find nobody there.
我们急匆匆赶到教室，结果发现没有人。[不定式(短语)作结果状
语常表示出人意料的结果，常在不定式(短语)前加only]
He was scared to death to hear the terrible news.听到这个可怕的消
息，他吓得要死。[不定式(短语)作原因状语，常用于表示喜、怒、
哀、乐等表示情绪的形容词之后]
 2.(教材P3)Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel
Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine...”当她得知自己被授
予了诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这个荣誉不仅仅属于我……”
on/upon (doing) sth.“一……就……”
介词on/upon后面可以跟动名词或名词作宾语，构成介宾结构，
在句中作状语，可以转换为as soon as引导的时间状语从句。
 ❶On/Upon arriving home, I discovered that they had already gone.
一回到家，我就发现他们已经离开了。
❷On/Upon his return to his hometown, he paid a visit to his
teachers.
他一回到家乡，就去拜访了他的老师。
 [即学即练] 同义句转换
①I'll tell her the news as soon as I see her.
On/Upon seeing her, I'll tell her the news.
→________________
②As soon as they arrived at the village, these college students went
to help the farmers with their work.
→____________________________________
On/Upon arriving 或 On/Upon their arrival at the village, these
college students went to help the farmers with their work.
 名师点津：“一……就……”的句型小结
(1)As soon as＋时间状语从句＋主句
(2)The moment/instant/second/minute＋时间状语从句＋主句
(3)Instantly/Immediately/Directly＋时间状语从句＋主句
(4)On/Upon＋动名词/名词＋主句
(5)No sooner had＋主语＋过去分词……＋(从句)than＋主语＋动
词的过去式：
No sooner had he arrived home than he was asked to start on another
journey.
他刚到家，就被要求出另一次差。
 (6)Hardly/Scarcely/Rarely＋had＋主语＋过去分词……＋(从句)＋
when/before＋动词的过去式：
Hardly had she gone out when it began to snow.
她刚出门，天就开始下雪了。
(7)At the sight/thought/mention of＋名词＋主句：
At the sight of him, I remember my brother who is working in
Shanghai.
看到他我就想起了我那在上海工作的弟弟。
 Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The article examines how the special properties
________ (特征) of plastic
can cause environmental problems.
2．Knowledge has become a ________
crucial (关键性的) factor in the
progress of a country.
3．He had no objective________ (客观的) evidence that anything
extraordinary was happening.
4．Water is ________
vital (必不可少的) to keep every living thing alive.
evaluate (评价) the influence of such opportunities
5．How do you ________
and challenges on China's economy?
 6．We should develop the students' ability to ________
analyse (分析) and
solve problems.
7．Present at the meeting were 200 people from all walks of life,
mostly (主要的) advanced workers.
who were ________
8．There's absolutely no regulation of cigarettes to make sure that
they don't include poisonous ________
substances (物质)．
obtaining (获得) a specific college degree a job applicant
9．After ________
can be competitive for previously unavailable jobs.
defeated (打败，击败) the New Orleans Hornets
10．The Lakers ________
the day before yesterday.
11．Solids (固体) turn to ________
liquids (液体) at certain temperatures.
 Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Lack of sleep can result in attention disorders and poor ________
academic
(academy) performance.
2．He made a very thorough ________
analysis (analyse) on the situation.
3．He _____________
acknowledged (acknowledge) that he had broken the law.
4．They are committed to developing a new ________
evaluation (evaluate)
system.
5．________
Scientific (science) management promotes production.
6．Have you seen the exhibition at the botanical
________ (botany) garden?
7．Here's some ________
boiled (boil) water. Have a drink whenever you are
thirsty.
 8．Many people make a sharp distinction
________ (distinct) between humans
and other animals.
9．Rudolph said no more. Apparently
________ (apparent) he was a man of few
words.
10．The government is committed
________ (commit) to protecting the
interests of local residents.
11．You should respect the views of others, and at the same time
insist ________
on what you think is right.
12．What amazed me most was that I met my previous teacher
abroad ________
by chance.
13．Upon ________
arriving (arrive) at the airport, we were given a warm
welcome by our friends.
 14．He refused to acknowledge ____________
being defeated (defeat) by the other
competitor in the match, but it was in vain.
15．It is indeed an honour for us to ___________
be invited (invite) here to meet
the great scientist face to face.
 Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Chinese female scientist Tu Youyou won the 2015 Nobel Prize in
discovery (discover) of artemisinin,
Physiology or Medicine for the 1.________
which has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria. It is believed
that it saves 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.
Born in Ningbo, China in 1930, Tu Youyou is a 2.________
committed
(commit) and patient scientist. In 1967, some scientists were chosen to
form a team 3.________
with the objective of discovering a new
treatment for malaria, one of 4.________
whom was Tu Youyou. To find a
new treatment, Tu and her team looked through many ancient Chinese
obtaining (obtain)
medical texts and evaluated 280,000 plants before 5.________
the pure substance artemisinin.
 Inspired by a text from the fourth century, Tu's team tested a
collection of dried wormwood leaves and used the liquid by boiling fresh
wormwood, but they didn't work. Tu Youyou realised that the high
temperature might have destroyed its medical 6.________
properties (property).
She tried using a lower temperature to draw out the extract. After failing
more than 190 times, the team 7.________
finally (final) succeeded in finding a
substance that worked. After the drug showed promising results, Tu and
her team members insisted that the drug be tested (test) on
8.________
themselves to make sure that it was safe.
Awarded the Nobel Prize, Tu said, the honour was not just
9.________
hers (she) but the team's and all the people of her country's.
This success is indeed 10.________
an honour for China's scientific
research and Chinese medicine.