Bio diversity

BIO DIVERSITY
Understanding the Variety of Life on Earth
 WHAT IS BIO
DIVERSITY
•Biodiversity, or biological diversity, refers to the variety
and variability of life on Earth. It encompasses the
01 diversity within species, between species, and of
ecosystems.
Components of Biodiversity:
1.Genetic Diversity: Variation of genes within species.
2.Species Diversity: Variety of species within a habitat
or region.
3.Ecosystem Diversity: Diversity of different ecosystems
(forests, oceans, deserts, etc.).
Importance:
•Biodiversity is essential for ecosystem resilience,
human survival, and provides resources such as food,
medicine, and raw materials.
 LEVELS OF
BIODIVERSITY
1. Genetic Diversity:
•Genetic variation within a species is crucial for

02 adaptation and survival. It allows species to evolve and

cope with environmental changes.
2. Species Diversity:
•The number of different species and their relative
abundance in a particular region. High species diversity
increases ecosystem productivity and stability.
3. Ecosystem Diversity:
•Variety of ecosystems in a biosphere. Each ecosystem
supports different communities of organisms and
contributes uniquely to global biodiversity.
 Benefits of
Biodiversity
Ecosystem Services:
1.Provisioning Services: Provides resources like food, water, and raw
03 materials.
2.Regulating Services: Regulates climate, disease, water purification, and
pollination.
3.Cultural Services: Offers recreational, aesthetic, and spiritual benefits.
4.Supporting Services: Includes nutrient cycling, soil formation, and
primary production.
Economic Value:
•Biodiversity supports industries such as agriculture, pharmaceuticals,
and tourism, contributing significantly to economies.
Threats to
Biodiversity
1. Habitat Loss:
•Deforestation, urbanization, and agriculture expansion
reduce natural habitats.
2. Climate Change:
•Alters habitats and affects species' survival through
changes in temperature and weather patterns.
3. Pollution:
•Contaminates air, water, and soil, harming wildlife and
ecosystems.
4. Overexploitation:
•Overfishing, hunting, and harvesting exceed the natural
regenerative capacities of species.
5. Invasive Species:
•Non-native species disrupt local ecosystems, often
outcompeting or preying on native species.
Conservation
Strategies
1. Protected Areas:
•Establishing national parks, wildlife reserves, and
marine protected areas to safeguard habitats.
2. Sustainable Practices:
•Promoting sustainable agriculture, forestry, and fishing
practices to reduce environmental impact.
3. Restoration Projects:
•Rehabilitating degraded ecosystems through
reforestation, wetland restoration, and soil
conservation.
4. Legal Frameworks:
•Enforcing laws and international treaties like the
Convention on Biological Diversity to protect species
and habitats.
06 THANK YOU