LTE Layering RAN2980

RAN 2980 Measurement Based LTE Layering
Network Engineering Information

Paweł Mitka
MBB CS NE WCDMA Radio & Performance
Please always check the latest version of this NEI slides here
For internal use
22/10/2013 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2013
MBB CS NetEng WCDMA / Paweł Mitka
Main Menu
RAN2980 Measurement Based LTE Layering
Table of contents
Introduction Performance Aspects
1 Motivation and Feature Overview 7 Counters and KPIs, Feature Impact Analysis and Verification
Technical Details
2 Functionality and Implementation, Message Flows
Interdependencies
3 Interdependencies with Other Features and Functions
Benefits and Gains

4 Simulation, Lab and Field Findings
Configuration Management
5 Parameters and Parameterisation scenarios
Deployment Aspects
6 Activation, Configuration Examples, Fault Mgmt, Trial Area
For internal use

4 22/10/2013 MBB CS NetEng WCDMA / Paweł Mitka © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2013
Main Menu
Table of contents
Technical Details
Interdependencies
Benefits and Gains

Deployment Aspects
For internal use

Introduction Main Menu
RAN2980 Measurement Based LTE

Layering
Description:
• Feature allows for redirection from WCDMA to LTE UE’s with UTRA RRC RAN 2176 LTE PS Handover &
Connected RAN 2435 SRVCC from LTE and CSFB with HO
active Packet Switched services or those which are moving
Mode
Cell_DCH RAN 2264 Smart LTE Handover
from Cell_DCH to other Connected RRC states. R LTE
LT AN2 RRC
• Redirections are preceded by measurements of LTE E L 98
Cell_FACH ay 0 M
eri ea
n s Connected
frequencies. LT g & urem
Cell_PCH E L RA e
• UE with PS RABs in Cell_DCH are redirected to LTE Idle RA ay N2 nt B
N2 eri 71 a
067 ng 7 S sed
URA PCH LTE ma
Mode, where they are camping on LTE cell. In rt
ter
wo
Benefits: rk i n
g
• Measurements before redirection highly increase chances for
WCDMA Idle RAN 2067 LTE Interworking
successful UE camping on LTE Layer LTE Idle Mode
Mode
• Shorter camping period on LTE cell provides better end-user
experience
Handover Redirection Reselection
• Feature can also be used when WCDMA and LTE coverage
don’t overlap and sites are not co-located
For internal use
RAN2980 Measurement Based LTE Layering (RU50)

• Very efficient mechanism for moving UE’s with active Packet Switched services to LTE Layer.
• LTE frequencies measurements preceding redirection, guarantee the successful LTE camping.
Other features related to WCDMA – LTE interworking:

WCDMA RAN 2980 & RAN 2717 LTE
• RAN2717 Smart LTE Layering - “blind” redirection (RU40)
• Mechanisms for moving active UEs to the LTE layer (RRC Cell_DCH Idle mode
Connection Release with Redirection command to LTE).
• RAN2067 LTE Interworking (RU20 On Top)
Cell_PCH RAN 2067
• Cell reselection from WCDMA to LTE when UE is in idle mode, LTE
URA_PCH
Cell_PCH or URA_PCH state. Idle Mode
Idle mode
• RAN2176 LTE PS Handover (RU20 On Top)
• Seamless handover of data services to WCDMA when leaving the WCDMA RAN 2176 LTE RRC
LTE coverage Cell_DCH Connected
• RAN2264 Smart LTE Handover (RU50)
• PS handover if LTE coverage is available (w/o delay of changing WCDMA RAN 2264 LTE RRC
state to Idle, Cell_PCH or URA_PCH). Cell_DCH Connected
• RAN2435 SRVCC from LTE and CSFB with HO (RU40)
• Single Radio Voice Call Continuity allows LTE VoIP call to be WCDMA RAN 2435 LTE RRC
handed over as a normal CS voice call. Cell_DCH Connected
For internal use
Introduction: Evolution of WCDMA – LTE Interworking Main Menu
RAN2067 LTE Interworking (RU20 On TOP) RAN 2717 Smart LTE Layering (RU40) RAN2980 Measurement Based LTE Layering (RU50)
Cell Reselection also for LTE Layers is introduced Redirection to LTE is possible with active PS Redirection to LTE based on measured LTE frequencies
services
NO POSSIBILITY for moving UEs with active PS Problems appear in case of non-overlaping
services to LTE WCDMA/LTE coverage • Redirection is based on measurements of LTE RSRP and
RSRQ.
• Absolute priorities for layer selection introduced in • There is a possibility to redirect active UEs from • There is a possibility to redirect UEs with active PS data
RAN2067 are available in Idle Mode, Cell_PCH or WCDMA to LTE transmission, from RRC Cell DCH to LTE using
URA_PCH state • While WCDMA cell is congested, LTE capable UEs LTEPeriodicTriggerTimer.
• LTE capable UEs are able to move from WCDMA to may be redirected to LTE layer. • If UE is in a “black spot” of LTE coverage, it is not redirected
LTE when LTE coverage is available • Blind redirection is good alternative when WCDMA and • Feature decrease UE camping time on LTE layers and
• Load balancing mechanism is not available LTE cells are co-located and have well overlapping prevents from “ping-pong” effect.
• In high load states of WCDMA cell, LTE capable UEs coverage areas.
• There is a possibility to configure many scenarios with
may experience low throughputs instead of switching to • CPICH RSCP threshold (SmartLTELayeringRSCP) is different trigger combinations for blind or measurement
LTE layer used to “ensure” the presence of LTE coverage (i.e in based layering on a cell level
WCDMA LTE collocated WCDA and LTE scenarios) but must be set
Coverage Coverage manually
Problem appears when there
Smart LTE Layering
is no coverage and UEs make measurements on
Smartphones often stay in a decrease impact of cell
theoretically should be, this LTE frequencies. RRM
connected mode due to some congestions. The best
may cause “ping-pong effect” decides about redirection
traffic demanding services, this scenario is when LTE and
is very resource consuming. WCDMA coverage overlaps
Trying move to LTE
I stay in WCDMA
Redirected to LTE  Redirected to LTE 
Always in WCDMA if active 
RSCP threshold
For internal use
• Measurement Based LTE Layering is an extension of Smart LTE Layering
RAN 2980 • New trigger

• More parameters
RAN 2717
• More options
• In RAN2717 UE move to LTE is blind, i.e. no frequencies measurements preceding redirection to LTE
• recommended for scenarios with co-located WCDMA NodeB/LTE eNodeB sites or sites with shared antenna systems.
No measurements
Cell DCH RRC Idle
• In RAN2980, before redirection from WCDMA to LTE, compressed mode measurements are used to determine if LTE
coverage is available
• recommended for scenarios with co-located and not co-located LTE and WCDMA sites.
With or without
Cell DCH RRC Idle
measurements
For internal use
Main Menu
Table of contents
Technical Details
Interdependencies
Benefits and Gains

Deployment Aspects
For internal use

Technical Details - TRIGGERS Main Menu
RAN2980 use four triggers that can start the process of moving UEs to LTE, if UE is LTE capable:
Trigger 2 (T2) :
Trigger 1 (T1):
HSDPA/HSPA to DCH/DCH CTS: Triggers
RRC State Change Cell_DCH to CCH: introduced in
Channel type switch from HSDPA to DCH or
LTE capable UE is in CELL_DCH, and is from HSPA to DCH. E-DCH/HS-DCH -> RAN2717
being transitioned to other RRC states DCH/DCH or DCH/HS-DCH -> DCH/DCH with
(CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH, URA_PCH)* some other bit rate than 0 (pure release cases
excluded)
RAN2980
new trigger
Redirection to LTE
Trigger4 (T4):
Trigger 3 (T3):
Periodic trigger,
CS RAB Release:
Operator definable timer – when LTE capable UE’s
LTE capable UE has CS RAB and PS RAB(s), enter into CELL_DCH with active PS RAB, timer
and CS RAB is being released. (UE stays in starts and after expiration, measurements are done,
CELL_DCH state in WCDMA) if measured RSRP and RSRQ values are satisfying
(exceeds set thresholds) UE is redirected to LTE
system
First three triggers are also used in feature Smart LTE Layering. In addition to these, fourth trigger for terminals keeping long Cell_DCH
reservations for PS services was introduced
*IF CN connection is released and trigger is enabled with measurements, redirection is done blindly (CR E1153, RU50 MNT) .
For internal use
Technical Details – TRIGGER COMBINATIONS Main Menu
Using WCEL- SmartLTELayeringEnabled parameter, it can be set which triggers will be used for redirection. Values of the
parameter and respective trigger combinations are presented in following table:
Value “0” “1” “2” “3” “4” “5” “6” “7” “8”
Trigger Feature T1 T1 T2 T1 T1 T2 T1 T1 T2 T1 T1 T2
Combinati disabled
ons T3 T3 T4 T4 T3 T4 T3 T4
It also can be set for which triggers measurements will be executed. It is set with LTELayeringMeasActivation parameter. Values of the
parameter and respective trigger combinations are presented in following table:
Value “0” “1” • Measurements are done periodically, every 500ms are sent to RNC
• As it can be seen in the table on the left, Trigger 4 is always set with
With measurements
T4 T1 T2
measurement • If the measurements are not successful the redirection is not done
T3 T4
Trigger 1 (T1): RRC State Change Cell_DCH to CCH
Without Trigger 2 (T2): HSDPA/HSPA to DCH/DCH CTS
T1 T2
measurement Trigger 3 (T3): CS RAB Release
Trigger 4 (T4): Periodic trigger
T3
For internal use

12 22/10/2013 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2013
Technical Details – UE Capability Main Menu
In order to perform Layering from 3G towards LTE, the UE must be LTE capable.
3GPP Rel-8 capable UEs are required
• UE radio access capabilities for E-UTRA are sent via: UE NodeB RNC
• RRC: CONNECTION SETUP in Capability Update Requirement IE

• UE provide radio access capabilities for E-UTRA within RRC: CONNECTION SETUP
RRC: CONNECTION SETUP
COMPLETE
• RRC stores the information for the duration of UE RRC connection
IE “Capability Update Requirement” which is
• UE radio access capabilities provides following information: used to request UE to transmit its capability
• Multi-mode/Multi-RAT capability, support for LTE FDD, TDD, frequency bands, need information related to any radio access network
for compressed mode that it supports.
Exceptions:
• UE radio access capabilities can also be received by UE specific RRC: RRC: CONNECTION SETUP COMPLETE
• during incoming SRNS relocation with RRC: SRNS RELOCATION INFO
• during incoming Inter-RAT handover within: INTER RAT HANDOVER INFO UE CAPABILITY INFORMATION contains IE
• Requested from UE with RRC: UE Capability Enquiry “Inter-RAT UE radio access capability” and it is
used to provide UE Inter-RAT (“UE E-UTRA
• Majority of UEs require compressed mode to perform LTE inter-system Capability”) capabilities to the UTRAN
measurements. During CM transmission gap of length of 10 time slots which
spans over 2 consecutive radio frames is used to make measurements.
• Compressed mode in HSPA requires RAN1668 license – If HSPA compressed RRC: UE CAPABILITY INFORMATION CONFIRM
mode is not available, UE is reconfigured to DCH. (e.g. HS-DSCH/E-DCH -> HS-
DSCH/DCH).
• There could be some high end UE’s which have dual receiver and don’t require
compressed mode to create gaps and listen to other frequencies.
For internal use
Technical Details – Measurements (1/2) Main Menu
• LTE carrier frequencies used for redirection are sent over RRC: Measurement
Control message and usually are the same as those broadcasted in SIB19
(please see Paremeters description) UE NodeB RNC
NBAP: Radio Link

• UE Specific RRC configures redirection using following: Reconfiguration prepare
• NBAP: RADIO LINK RECONFIGURATION PREPARE message:
• Compressed Mode parameters Compressed Mode
• RRC: PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION message which contains parameters
following information: RRC: Physical Channel Reconfiguration
• Compressed Mode Info
• Transmission Gap Starting Slot Number Compressed Mode parameters,
• Transmission Gap length Transmission Gap Starting Slot Number,
• Other Transmission Gap info. Transmission Gap Length, etc.
• If configuration fails UE/NodeB sends RRC: Physical Channel Reconfiguration
Faiulre/ NBAP: Radio Link Reconfiguration failure messages NBAP: Radio Link
Reconfiguration Commit
(CM Activation)
• UE specific RRC activates CM in NodeB with NBAP: Radio Link Reconfiguration
Commit message
RRC: Measurement Control
• (CM Activation, triggering measurements)
UE specific RRC activates CM and triggers measurements in UE with RRC:
MEASUREMENT CONTROL message which contains such a information as:
• E-UTRA carrier frequencies list, LTE frequencies, measurement bandwidth,
measurement mode, transmission gap
• measurement bandwidth, pattern
• reporting mode, (measurements are sent periodically)
• Measurements are reported every 500ms.
• transmission gap pattern, etc.
For internal use
Technical Details – Measurements (2/2) Main Menu
UE NodeB RNC
• Measurement results are sent from UE via RRC in Measurement Report
• LTE Reference symbol received power RSRP (Reference Signal Received
Power) and RSRQ (Reference Signal Received Quality) RRC: MEASUREMENT REPORT
• If UE rejects measurement command, it sends RRC: Measurement control

Failure message. UE specific RRC forwards the message to RRM which Reference signal received power RSRP
and RSRQ.
supports failure handling.
• RRM – Handover Entity – compares averaged measurements results

(averaging time period is defined with LTEMeasAveWindow) to thresholds., RRM:
Prioritization
Maximum measurement period is set in LTEMaxMeasPeriod. RRC: CONNECTION RELEASE
process
• RRM ranks LTE carrier frequencies according to measured RSRQ values, and
put in that order to the list.)* RRC CONNECTION RELEASE
message contains IE “Redirection Info”
• There is a space of maximum 8 carriers frequencies to be sent over IE “E- with prioritized frequencies to camp on.
UTRA Target Info” through RRC Connection Release.
* LTE Frequencies are placed in prioritized manner in the Redirection Info

IE but 3GGP doesn’t specify on which frequency UE should start camping. It is UE
specific implementation.
For internal use

Technical Details – Measurements Main Menu
TIMERS (in case of T1, T2 or T3 triggers)

• If trigger T1 or T2 or T3 appears, UE capability is checked together with all preconditions for redirection (see here)
• LTE Maximum Measurement Period – defines maximum allowed period during which LTE measurements are performed. If the RNC is not able
to redirect the UE to LTE system during this period, then RNC asks UE to stop the LTE measurements (default 6s)
• LTE Minimum Measurement Interval - determines the minimum interval between Inter-RAT (LTE) measurement procedure which didn’t led to
redirection and the following LTE measurement procedure related to the same RRC connection (default 5s). During that period, measurements
are forbidden. Also if other trigger appear in this period, blind or with enabled measurements, it is ignored.
LTE Maximum
Measurement Period
(time for redirection Measurements
forbidden,
Trigger appears decision)
(T1 or T2 or T3)
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 time (s)
Measurements Trigger 1 (T1): RRC State Change Cell_DCH to CCH
UE capability End of measurements. Trigger 2 (T2): HSDPA/HSPA to DCH/DCH CTS
If UE wasn’t redirected, next allowed again if
and preconditions Trigger 3 (T3): CS RAB Release
redirection will be possible trigger appears
checks, CM Trigger 4 (T4): Periodic trigger
measurements when LTEMinMeasInterval
start expires
For internal use
TIMERS (for T4 trigger – periodic trigger)

• LTE Periodic Trigger Timer – starts when UE enters Cell DCH with active PS RAB, when expires, measurements are started (default 20s), if the
measurements are unsuccessful, timer is started again. If any other trigger appears after LTEMinMeasInterval and it won’t lead to redirection
(e.g. too low measured values), and UE still transmits PS data, timer is set again. Timer is set periodically until redirection decision is made OR
UE has no data to transmit and PS RAB is released.
LTE Periodic LTE Maximum Measurements
Trigger Timer Measurement Period Measurements allowed if other
(default 20s) (time for redirection forbidden trigger appears
Trigger 4 (T4) decision)
Timer set Timer is set
… …
…
1 19 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 1 15
time (s)
UE enters UE specific RRC End of measurements. Measurements UE specific RRC
CELL_DCH (PS activates CM and If UE wasn’t redirected,next allowed again activates CM and
RAB) triggers redirection will be possible triggers
measurements when LTEMinMeasInterval measurements (If
expires UE continues
data activity)
For internal use

During LTE Maximum Measurement Period following actions take place:

• Measurement reports are sent every 500 ms (hardcoded) during LTE Maximum Measurement Period
• LTE Neighbor Carrier Frequency Search Period – this parameter prevents UE redirection to LTE system, which eliminates too fast redirections
based on only few measurements.
• LTE Measurement Averaging Window – determines the maximum period for averaging the received periodical LTE measurement reports
(maximum size of the sliding averaging window) from which the RNC calculates the averaged LTE RSRP and RSRQ
LTE Maximum
LTE Periodic Measurement Period Measurements Measurements
Trigger Timer (time for redirection forbidden allowed if other
decision) trigger appears
… …
…
1 19 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 1 8
time (s)
Redirection not
allowed
LTE Neighbour
Sliding averaging
Measurements are Carrier Frequency
window
sent every 500 ms Search
(default 3 s)
(default 1.5 s)
For internal use

Technical Details – Message Flow Main Menu
RRC State change from CELL_DCH to CCH

NodeB RNC
UE
1. LTE capable UE is in CELL_DCH with active PS RAB,
RRC: UE CAPABILITY ENQUIRY
Data Activity.
2. Data activity stops
RRC: UE CAPABILITY INFORMATION UE in RRC
3. UE specific RRC starts making transition from CELL_DCH to Cell DCH
RRC: UE CAPABILITY INFORMATION CONFIRM state
CELL_FACH/CELL_PCH/URA_PCH
Important: In case of 'state change trigger‘ (T1), and Periodic trigger NBAP: Radio Link Data activity
(T4), UE state change (away from Cell_DCH state) shall be delayed until Reconfiguration prepare stops!
LTE frequency band measurements are done (opposite to CS RAB
RRC: Physical Channel Reconfiguration RRC state
RELEASE and CTS Change). Reason is that UE dedicated resources change
are needed for LTE frequency band measurements. Radio Link delayed.
Reconfiguration Commit
Important 2: If the UE doesn’t support measurements it is redirected to (CM Activation)
LTE blindly (not applicable to T4 trigger)
RRC: Measurement Control
4. RRM (Handover Control entity) triggers measurements (compressed or (CM Activation, triggering measurements)
dual RX)
5. Measurement results from UE are compared with thresholds for RRC: MEASUREMENT REPORT Compressed
minimum RSRQ received level and minimum RSRP received level (RSRQ and RSRP values sent every 500ms) Mode
Measurements
6. Measurements are ongoing until redirection decision is made or
LTE Maximum Measurement Period timer expires
For internal use

Technical Details – Message Flow Main Menu
RRC State change from CELL_DCH to CCH

NodeB RNC
UE
7. Measurements are successful i.e. measured RSRQ and RSRP values
exceeds thresholds RRC: Connection Release RRM HC
prioritize
frequencies.
8. Frequencies are prioritized by RRM Handover Entity and information of RRC: Connection Release Complete RBs are
target frequencies is sent to UE through RRC Connection release released
UE starts
9. Connection release complete message is sent and RBs are released, camping on
LTE cell
10. UE starts camping procedure on received frequencies
RRC state change RRC state

change
11. Measurements are not successful (or UE data activity restarts RBs
or CS RAB appears) released
12. PS RB’s are released*

UE in RRC states:
Cell PCH, Cell
13. UE is kept in WCDMA FACH, URA PCH
*not applicable in case when UE data activity restarts
For internal use

Technical Details – PRE-CONDITIONS FOR REDIRECTION Main Menu
Pre-Conditions for redirection to LTE system that

MUST be fulfilled:
• RAN2980 feature license is in the „ON” state.

• WCDMA Cell in which UE is, has at least one LTE neighbour
(ADJL-AdjlEARFCN)
STOP
• Trigger appears
• UE must be LTE capable ( see UE Capability )
• Redirection is allowed only for PS services
• Redirection must be allowed for ALL PS services the UE has.
• No Iu procedure (e.g. Location Request) except Iu Release is ongoing
• For CTS trigger, signaling link mustn’t be active
• There is no Emergency call related activity.
• Max number of UEs in HSDPA CM due to Non-Critical Handover is not exceeded.
Set with MaxNumberUEHSPACmNCHO
• E-UTRAN Service Handover functionality does not prevent mobility to LTE
If the all above conditions are fulfilled, then UE is ordered to LTE
For internal use

Technical Details – PRE-CONDITIONS FOR REDIRECTION Main Menu
Pre-Conditions for redirection to LTE system that are

OPTIONAL checks (parameters can be disabled):
Redirection allowed
Number of
NRT users
Threshold Parameter SmartLTELayeringUA

Number of the NRT users in the main cell exceeds the configured limit,
Redirection not allowed i.e. if the threshold is exceeded then redirection is done.
Time
Interactive Background Each Service

can be Parameter SmartLTELayerServ
switched Redirection is allowed for PS services enabled with this parameter
PS ON/OFF (PS Conversational redirection is not allowed when measurements
PS Streaming
Conversational* separately are enabled)
Parameter LTELayerCellHSLoad
Formula for WCDMA cell HSDPA load checking functionality is enabled and HSDPA
PNRTHSDPA  CellWeight ForHSDPALa yering HSDPA cell load, i.e. available HSDPA power per NRT user is less than
power per
max( NumberOfNRTHSDPAuser s,1) NRT user
threshold, then redirection is done. (CellWeightForHSDPALayering
equals 1 for this feature)
Parameter SmartLTELayeringTSysSel
LTE TDD AND/OR LTE FDD Redirection to LTE TDD or LTE FDD or to both is enabled
For internal use

Technical Details Main Menu
• Dependency table:
General / RNC RU release RNC Release mcRNC Release
Release/version RU50 RNC 8.0 mcRNC 4.0
NodeB Flexi Direct BTS (Flexi) Flexi Lite
Release/version ADA 6.0 WBTS 9.0 Not required
HW & IOT HW requirements UE NetAct Specified by 3GPP
Release/version Flexi Rel.2, Rel. 3.0 Rel 8 Capable 8 EP1 3GPP Rel 8
For internal use

Main Menu
RAN2980 Measurment Based LTE Layering
Table of contents
Technical Details
Interdependencies
Benefits and Gains

Deployment Aspects
For internal use

Interdependencies Main Menu
UE’s identified as “Legacy Fast

RAN2136 Feature interworking implemented Dormancy phones” are not redirected
RAN2451
Fast Dormancy
Fast Dormancy
Profiling
Change from “blind” to

measurement based redirection
RAN2717
SMART LTE
LAYERING
Support for E-DCH No license needed for RAN2717 if

RAN1668 RAN2980 RAN2980 license is installed
Compressed Mode
HSUPA CM FOR LTE AND
INTER-FREQUENCY
Measurement based
HANDOVER LTE Layering
Interworking
RAN2067 license must be installed
and feature must be activated
Recommended Basic
RAN2067
LTE Interworking Mandatory
For internal use
RAN2067 LTE Interworking - mandatory

- LTE Interworking provides support for LTE cell re-selection in idle, Cell_PCH and URA_PCH states.
- This feature provides BTS functionality for receiving SIB19 from RNC and broadcasting it over cells.
- This feature must be ACTIVE i.e. the license must be installed and the state of the licence is “ON”
RAN1668 - recommended
- To measure LTE carrier frequency through compressed mode, transmission gap length TGL of 10 time slots with double frame method is required.
Support of TGL of 10 TS with double frame method for HSUPA compressed mode is introduced in RAN1668.
- In the absence of RAN1668, HSDPA/DCH and DCH/DCH modes are supported. If there is HSUPA in the uplink (E-DCH), then it is reconfigured to
DCH, before initiating the compressed mode measurements.
RAN2717 Smart LTE Layering – basic feature

- With RAN2980 license there is no need to have RAN2717 license, all the functionalities are contained in RAN2980.
- Parameters used in Smart LTE Layering are also used in RAN2980 feature.
- The layering was “blind”, i.e. no measurements were done before redirecting UE to LTE system.
For internal use

MBLB inactivity trigger ignored in case of
unsuccessful LTE frequencies
RAN2135 Feature interworking implemented measurements
RAN2172
Layering in RRC Multi-Band Load
Connection Release Balancing
Redirection based on CM measurement RAN1596 inactivity trigger ignored

result is not done in case of overloaded in case of unsuccessful LTE
RAN2591 BTS. frequencies measurements RAN1596
Selective BTS Re- HSPA Capability
Balancing in mcRNC Based Handover
RAN2980
Measurement based
LTE Layering
Optional Interworking
RAN2067 license must be installed
and feature must be activated
Recommended Basic
RAN2067
LTE Interworking Mandatory
For internal use
Main Menu
Table of contents
Performance Aspects
1 Introduction
Motivation and Feature Overview
7 Counters and KPIs, Feature Impact Analysis and Verification
Technical Details
Interdependencies
Benefits and Gains

Deployment Aspects
For internal use

Benefits and Gains Main Menu
Before introduction of RAN2980 (with RAN2717)

• In the scenario when WCDMA and LTE coverage doesn’t overlap it may • To prevent that in RAN2717 a parameter for setting CPICH RSCP value
happen that UE is not able to camp on any LTE cell (due to coverage) and was introduced but it has to be set manually (SmartLTELayeringRSCP),
is coming back to WCDMA after several seconds. This may create a ping-
pong effect very severe for end-user experience.
UEs in LTE
UEs in WCDMA
For co-located WCDMA and LTE If WCDMA and LTE coverage

sites with well overlapping don’t overlap RAN2717 can
coverage RAN2717 can be used cause problems (ping-pong
for redirection effect)
RSCP threshold
For internal use

Before introduction of RAN2980 (with RAN2717) Too high threshold will cause that LTE resources won’t be used
and there won’t be load balance between LTE and WCDMA
SmartLTELayeringRSCP value has to be set very accurately
Problem appears when there is

no coverage and theoretically
should be, this may cause
“ping-pong effect”

RSCP threshold
RSCP threshold
Too low threshold may cause that many “black spots” - areas
Only here redirection is Not used LTE resources
without LTE coverage – will be in area where “blind” redirection
is done. allowed
For internal use

After introduction of RAN2980:
• Compressed mode measurements are used to determine if LTE coverage is
• All BENEFITS of RAN2717 feature are also “inherited” by RAN2980.
available
• Applicable for co- located and not collocated scenarios and for not well • Feature decreases time of UE camping on LTE cells.
overlapping LTE/WCDMA coverages:
WCDMA Coverage
OR LTE Coverage
With RAN2980 it doesn’t matter

• No problems with setting RNP coverage parameters manually. where UE is, availability of LTE
Coverage can always be checked
Trying move to
LTE
RSCP
threshold
For internal use
After introduction of RAN2980:

• Additional trigger for moving UE’s with long Cell_DCH reservations for PS
services
Periodic Trigger –
timer for moving
UE’s with PS
Services from
WCDMA to LTE
• There are many additional options which can be enabled:

LTE Capable UE with active PS
service in WCDMA
• HSDPA load check
LTE Capable UE with active PS
• Number of NRT users check service in LTE
• LTE TDD/FDD check

• Services to be redirected check
For internal use

Benefits – CSFB Detection, E-UTRAN Service handover, Pre-redirection info Main Menu
• On customer request, there are new mechanisms introduced that prevents from redirection UEs that are LTE capable
but don’t have LTE subscription
• When UEs that don't have LTE subscritpion are redirected blindly to LTE without checking the CSFB indication, they
return to WCDMA system after unsuccessful camping on LTE cells due to the fact that they cannot get any service. The
whole process may take 10-30 seconds and is highly severe for end-user experience
• It can be done in three different ways:
 Using ‘E-UTRAN service handover” IE
 Using pre-redirection info ‘Pre-redirection info’:
 With CSFB Detection parameter • According do 3GPP 25.331 ‘Pre-redirection info’ IE is
not sent if UE is redirected to WCDMA from LTE
• Redirection is allowed only if the IE in RRC:
‘E-UTRAN service handover” IE: Connection Request doesn’t exist.
• IE is checked for all RABs that exists when • Functionality can be enabled with PRFILE parameter
redirection is triggered
UE RNC
Core Network RNC
RRC: Connection Request
RAB Assignement Request
E-UTRAN Service Handover IE Pre-redirection info IE – doesn’t exist

(RAB specific: “Handover to E-UTRAN if UE is redirected from LTE
shall not be performed”)
For internal use

35 22/10/2013 MBB CS NetEng SingleRAN & WCDMA / Paweł Mitka © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2013
Benefits – CSFB Detection Main Menu
CSFB Detection parameter:
RU
• CSFB indication means that UE has been redirected from LTE to WCDMA for CS call and thus guarantees that UE can get services on LTE layer.
50 M
• CFSB Indication parameter can be enabled only for blind redirection ( parameter’s value set to 1 – in case of measurement based redirection it is not
checked) or for blind and measurement based redirections (parameter's value set to 2)
Measurement Based LTE Layering is switched on. CSFB Detection is enabled
WCDMA Coverage
NT
LTE Capable UE with services in LTE Capable UE with services in
LTE Coverage LTE WCDMA CSFB indication is detected in the
presence of:
•RRC Connection Request
•Relocation Request
•Iu Release Command
CSFB Trigger
If both ‘pre-redirection info’ and
CSFB detection are activated,
then UE is redirected if at least
When CS service appears, UE is When CS service is released e.g. end of voice one of them allows for redirection.
moved from LTE to WCDMA, Circuit call, UE is moved from Cell_DCH to Idle state
Switched FallBack (CSFB) is done. which is T1 trigger in this case, RNC checks if
CSFB indication exists and if true, UE is
redirected to LTE
For internal use
36
22/10/2013 MBB CS NetEng SingleRAN & WCDMA / Paweł Mitka © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2013
Main Menu
Table of contents
Technical Details
Interdependencies
Benefits and Gains

Deployment Aspects
For internal use

Configuration Management Main Menu
RNC/WBTS/WCEL
RNC/FMCL
FMCL Identifier
FMCL Identifier
• RAN2980 feature introduces new
Smart LTE Layering Enabled
Frequency Measurement Control
Change Origin for FMCL Object LTE parameters (FMCL) which
Measurement Based LTE Layering
Activation are advanced options for
LTE Mesurement Averaging Window controlling of measurement
Smart LTE Layering RSCP threshold timing processes
LTE Maximum Measurement Period

Smart LTE Layering NRT User Amount
Threshold
LTE Minimum Measurement Interval • WCEL parameters are basic
Smart LTE Layering Target System feature behavior parameters
Selection configured on a cell level
LTE Neighbour Carrier Frequency Search
Period Max number of UEs in HSDPA CM due to
NCHO
LTE Layer Cell HSDPA Load
PARAMETER NOT CHECKED IF

NOT MODIFICABLE BASIC PARAMETER ADVANCED PARAMETER MEASUREMENTS ENABLED
For internal use

Configuration Management Main Menu
RNC/RNMOBI RNC/HOPL
• RNC/HOPL parameters are used
LTE Carrier Frequency selection Minimum for setting threshold values that
Smart LTE Layering Service Control
Rx power level are compared to UE measured
LTE Carrier Frequency selection Minimum values. Thresholds are used for
Timer for Smart LTE Layering Prevention Timer
Rx Quality level redirection decision
LTE Target Frequency Criterion Adjacent LTE Frequency Priority

• RNC/RNMOBI parameters give a
RNC possibility to choose services that
RNC/RNHSPA will be redirected to LTE system.
LTE Periodic Trigger Timer Transmission Gap Length for LTE carrier
• RNC/WBTS BTS support for
frequency measurements
HSPA Compressed Mode
RNC/…/WCEL/ADJL
RNC/WBTS parameter defines if compressed
mode for HSDPA traffic is enabled
Adjacent LTE Selected Frequency
(EARFCN) BTS support for HSPA CM
E-UTRA Absolute Radio Frequency
Channel Number
PARAMETER NOT CHECKED IF PARAMETER NOT CHECKED IF
BASIC PARAMETER ADVANCED PARAMETER MEASUREMENTS ENABLED
MEASUREMENTS ENABLED
For internal use

Main Menu
Table of content
Technical Details
Interdependencies
Benefits and Gains

Deployment Aspects
For internal use

Trial Area Main Menu
Two Use Cases are covered in this document: Early Deployment scenario and Mature Network case
Please see also Parameters section
Recommended Trial Area for Use case 1 (Mature Network) Recommended Trial Area for Use case 2 (Early Deployment)
• Use case 1: All LTE capable UE’s with NRT PS services are • Use case 2: Only UEs with CSFB indication can be redirected to LTE.
redirected with measurements for all four triggers to LTE FDD • In this Use Case, operator has lots of UEs that are LTE capable but
• In this Use Case, full functionality of feature is enabled, network doesn’t have LTE subscription, i.e. high risk of ping-pong effect as UEs
operator wants to move as much traffic load as possible to LTE cannot get any service from E-UTRAN
Layers • It is recommended to use trial area where WCDMA and LTE coverage
• It doesn’t matter if the WCDMA and LTE coverage is well is well overlapping as there is only “blind” redirection switched on.
overlapping as measurement for all triggers are enabled.
OR
Co-located WCDMA and LTE WCDMA and LTE coverage Co-located WCDMA and LTE
sites with well overlapping don’t overlap. sites with well overlapping
coverage coverage
For internal use

63 05/03/2014 MBB CS NetEng SingleRAN & WCDMA Radio/ Paweł Mitka © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2013
Deployment Aspects Main Menu
Use case: All LTE capable UE’s with NRT PS services are redirected with measurements for all four triggers.
• Preconditions:
• RAN 2067 LTE Interworking feature is ACTIVE & RAN2980 license is installed and ACTIVE
RNC/WBTS/WCEL
FMCL Identifier Set to RNC/FMCL FMCLID
Smart LTE Layering Enabled Set to “8” – All triggers enabled

Set to “1” – measurements switched ON
Activation
Smart LTE Layering RSCP threshold Set to “0” – parameter disabled

Set to “0” – parameter disabled
Threshold
Smart LTE Layering Target System

Set to “0” – LTE FDD and TDD allowed
Selection
Max number of UEs in HSDPA CM due to Set to “10” – max 10 UE’s in HSDPA CM
NCHO due to NCHO
LTE Layer Cell HSDPA Load Set to “31” – 31dBm threshold

For internal use
RNC
LTEPeriodicTriggerTimer
• Remeber to create FMCL and HOPL
objects and link them using appropriate
IDENTIFIERS WBTS
• FMCLId to WCEL FMCLIdentifier
• HOPLId to ADJL HopLIdentifier
WCEL
FMCLIdentifier
ADJL (up to 8)
FMCL (up to 100) LTELayerCellHSLoad
AdjLId
FMCLId SmartLTELayeringUA
HopLIdentifier
LTEMeasAveWindow SmartLTELayeringTSysSel
AdjLEARFCN
LTEMaxMeasPeriod …
AdjLMeasBw
LTEMinMeasInterval AdjLSelectFreq
LTENcarrFreqSearchPeriod
HOPL (up to 10)

HopLId
AdjLFreqPriority
AdjLMinRSRPLevel
AdjLMinRSRQLevel
RNMOBI (1)
SmartLTELayeringServ
For internal use

• Preconditions:
RNC/FMCL
FMCL Identifier HARDCODED
Change Origin for FMCL Object HARDCODED
LTE Mesurement Averaging Window Set to “3” – 3s “sliding window”
LTE Maximum Measurement Period Set to “6” – 6 seconds for measurements
LTE Minimum Measurement Interval Set to “5” – 5s measurement interval
LTE Neighbour Carrier Frequency Search Set to “1.5” – must be lower than
Period LTE Maximum Measurement Period
For internal use

• Preconditions: RAN 2067 LTE Interworking feature is ACTIVE & RAN2980 license is installed and ACTIVE
RNC/RNMOBI
Smart LTE Layering Service Control Set to “0011” – Background and Interactive
Timer for Smart LTE Layering Prevention Timer NOT CHECKED if measurements enabled
LTE Target Frequency Criterion Set to “0” – qualified frequencies only
RNC
LTE Periodic Trigger Timer Set to “20” – applies for Trigger 4
RNC/…/WCEL/ADJL
Adjacent LTE Selected Frequency

Set to “0” – no frequencies excluded
(EARFCN)
E-UTRA Absolute Radio Frequency
Depends on operator’s LTE frequencies
Channel Number
For internal use
• Preconditions:
RNC/HOPL
LTE Carrier Frequency selection Minimum

Set to “-112” dBm
Rx power level
Set to “-12” dB
Rx Quality level
Adjacent LTE Frequency Priority Priorities for operator’s LTE frequencies
RNC/RNHSPA
Transmission Gap Length for LTE carrier

Set to “5” – 5 frames for TGL
RNC/WBTS
BTS support for HSPA CM Set to “2” – HSPA CM enabled
* It is recommended to enable RAN1668 for HSPA

Compressed Mode
For internal use
Use case: Operator wants that all LTE capable UE’s are redirected
with measurements for all four triggers.
• Network actions – after trigger appears:

Connection
1. All the preconditions and optional parameters are checked Release
2. UE capability for LTE redirection is checked by RRM. CM prepare
3. RRM (HC entity) sends Compressed Mode parameters to prepare for CM activation &
Frequencies
measurements
4. RRC MEASUREMENT CONTROL message is sent to UE (CM activation with
RNC
frequencies to be measured in prioritized order)
Precondition check
5. Measurements are done
UE capability
6. Measurement report is sent to network check
7. RRM compares results and reorganize frequency list Measurements
(best carrier)
8. RRC CONNECTION RELEASE is sent to the UE
9. UE camps on LTE cell.
For internal use

Use case: Operator wants that all LTE capable UE’s are redirected with measurements for all four triggers.
• Exceptions - redirection is not done if one of the following appears:
Trigger 1 (T1): Trigger 2 (T2) :

RRC State Change Cell_DCH to CCH: HSDPA/HSPA to DCH/DCH CTS:
1. No frequency found 1. No frequency found
2.UE data activity restarts 2. State transition to DCH 0/0
3. If the state change is from DCH 0/0 3. CS RAB is established
4. CS RAB is established
Redirection to LTE
is not done
Trigger4
Trigger 3 (T3): (T4):
CS RAB Release: Periodic
1. No frequency found
2. IF the remaining PS RAB is DCH 0/0 (all
trigger,
RBs 0/0) 1. No frequency found but UE continues data
3. CS RAB is established activity (next redirection possible after
4. For some Establishement Causes* Periodic Trigger Timer expires!)
2. No frequency found and UE stops data
activity
*If the call establishment cause was emergency call OR the CS RAB had pre-emption
3. CS RAB capability OR if UE has had emergency positioning
is established
ongoing, then redirection to LTE is not done for the UE as long as the RRC Connection exists.
For internal use
70 22/10/2013 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2013
Deployment aspects Main Menu
Use case 2: Only UEs with CSFB indication can be redirected to LTE
RAN 2067 LTE Interworking feature is ACTIVE & RAN2980 license is installed and ACTIVE
RNC/WBTS/WCEL
FMCL Identifier Set to RNC/FMCL FMCLID
Smart LTE Layering Enabled Set to “8” – All triggers enabled

Set to “1” – measurements switched ON
Activation
Smart LTE Layering RSCP threshold Set to “0” – parameter disabled

Set to “0” – parameter disabled
Threshold
Smart LTE Layering Target System

Set to “0” – LTE FDD and TDD allowed
Selection
Max number of UEs in HSDPA CM due to Set to “10” – max 10 UE’s in HSDPA CM
NCHO due to NCHO
LTE Layer Cell HSDPA Load Set to “31” – 31dBm threshold

For internal use
RAN 2067 LTE Interworking feature is ACTIVE & RAN2980 license is installed and ACTIVE
RNC/FMCL
FMCL Identifier HARDCODED
Change Origin for FMCL Object HARDCODED
LTE Mesurement Averaging Window Set to “3” – 3s “sliding window”
LTE Maximum Measurement Period Set to “6” – 6 seconds for measurements
LTE Minimum Measurement Interval Set to “5” – 5s measurement interval
LTE Neighbour Carrier Frequency Search Set to “1.5” – must be lower than
Period LTE Maximum Measurement Period
For internal use

Parameters Main Menu
RNC/HOPL

Set to “-112” dBm
Rx power level
Set to “-12” dB
Rx Quality level
Adjacent LTE Frequency Priority Priorities for operator’s LTE frequencies
RNC/RNHSPA

RNC/WBTS
For internal use

Parameters Main Menu
RNC/RNMOBI
Smart LTE Layering Service Control Set to “0011” – Background and Interactive
Timer for Smart LTE Layering Prevention Timer Set to “20”s
LTE Target Frequency Criterion Set to “0” – qualified frequencies only
Set to “2” – CSFB for blind and measurement

CSFB detection for blind redirection
redirection
RNC/RNHSPA

RNC/WBTS
For internal use

Deployment Aspects - Feature Activation Main Menu
• To activate the feature RAN2980 Measurement Based LTE Layering:

License of RAN2067 LTE Interworking must be activated
•License Key: “Cell Reselection to LTE” (Feature Code: 1755)
Activate the license of the RAN2980: Measurement Based LTE Layering feature using
•“Measurement Based LTE Layering” license key. (Feature Code: 4839)
No need to have a separate license for RAN2717 – all functionalities included
To set the feature state to ON, use the following command:
•for IPA-RNC: ZW7M:FEA=4839:ON;
•for mcRNC: set license feature-mgmt code 0000004839 feature-admin-state
For internal use

Deployment Aspects – Parameters configuration Main Menu
 ADJL AdjLEARFCN parameter defining E-UTRA Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number of the neighboring E-
UTRA frequency is MANDATORY
•There must be at least one LTE neighbor not excluded from redirection with ADJL AdjLSelectFrequency
•ADJL AdjLMeasBw – parameter which defines measurement bandwidth for E-UTRA neighboring cells, MUST be verified
Parameters to look out for (default values may cause ping-pong effect!):
ADJL AdjLMinRSRPlevel Please change from “-128“ to “-112” dBm
ADJL AdjLMinRSRQlevel Please change from “-18” to “-12” dB
For internal use

Deployment Aspects – Compressed Mode settings Main Menu
• Majority of UEs require compressed mode to perform LTE inter-system measurements. During CM transmission gap of length of 10 time slots
which spans over 2 consecutive radio frames is used to make measurements.
• Compressed mode in HSPA requires RAN1668 license – If HSPA compressed mode is not available, UE is reconfigured to DCH. (e.g. HS-
DSCH/E-DCH -> HS-DSCH/DCH)
• There could be some high end UE’s which have dual receiver and don’t require compressed mode to create gaps and lin to other frequencies
RNC/WBTS RAN1668
HSUPA CM FOR LTE AND
INTER-FREQUENCY
HANDOVER
BTS support for HSPA CM
Only DCH CM supported ==> 0

HSDPA CM supported ==> 1 (RAN1276 needed*)
HSPA CM supported ==> 2 (RAN1668 needed) HSUPA
* This implementation will be changed Compressed Mode
HS-DCH/E-DCH
Double frame gap:

E-UTRA
Freq.
Measurem
ents
normal radio compressed radio compressed radio normal radio
frame frame frame frame
For internal use
Main Menu
RAN2980 – Measurement Based LTE Layering
Table of contents
Technical Details
Interdependencies
Benefits and Gains

Deployment Aspects
For internal use

Performance Aspects - Counters Main Menu
LTE CARRIER NOT FOUND FOR REDIRECTION LTE REDIRECTION STARTED AFTER MEASUREMENT
M1010C237 M1010C238
Measuring cases when no carrier frequency was found for LTE Measuring cases when LTE redirection was started after finding good
redirection during measurements (with/without Compressed Mode.) enough carrier frequency with measurements (with/without CM).
- UE with initiated Redirection Procedure
Measurements
- Redirection not started due to measurements’ results
Updated every time when measurement performed by the UE DOESN’T Updated every time when measurement performed by the UE RESULTS
RESULT in a finding the LTE carrier frequency with acceptable quality to in a finding the LTE carrier frequency with acceptable quality to perform
perform redirection. redirection and the RNC initiates the redirection procedure
For internal use

Performance Aspects - Counters Main Menu
RRC CONN RELEASE LTE REDIR IN DCH DURATION OF LTE CARRIER MEASUREMENT
M1006C310 M1010C239
The number of RRC connection releases for LTE redirection due to Measuring the duration of the LTE frequency band measurements in
Periodic Trigger T(4) i.e. success cases when UE was redirected to SRNC (with/without compressed mode)
LTE with periodic trigger enabled.
Measurements
COUNTER: Number of RRC Connection Rel. due to T4
Trigger T4
500ms
1s
Trigger T1
Trigger T4 2s
Sum from one WCDMA Cell

Updated when the RNC sends RRC Connection Release message to the UE
redirecting it to LTE, and the redirection was performed due to periodic Updated every time when the LTE frequency band measurement session
trigger. ends either to perform the redirection decision, or the decision not to
perform it due to no good enough carrier found or the session was
released/dropped during this measurement.
For internal use

Thank You.
94 ©2013 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.

LTE Layering RAN2980

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LTE Layering RAN2980

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RAN 2980 Measurement Based LTE Layering

Network Engineering Information

Benefits and Gains

For internal use

Benefits and Gains

For internal use

RAN2980 Measurement Based LTE

RAN2980 Measurement Based LTE Layering (RU50)

Other features related to WCDMA – LTE interworking:

• Measurement Based LTE Layering is an extension of Smart LTE Layering

RAN 2980 • New trigger

Benefits and Gains

For internal use

For internal use

• RRC: CONNECTION SETUP in Capability Update Requirement IE

NBAP: Radio Link

• If UE rejects measurement command, it sends RRC: Measurement control

• RRM – Handover Entity – compares averaged measurements results

* LTE Frequencies are placed in prioritized manner in the Redirection Info

For internal use

TIMERS (in case of T1, T2 or T3 triggers)

TIMERS (for T4 trigger – periodic trigger)

For internal use

During LTE Maximum Measurement Period following actions take place:

For internal use

RRC State change from CELL_DCH to CCH

For internal use

RRC State change from CELL_DCH to CCH

10. UE starts camping procedure on received frequencies

RRC state change RRC state

12. PS RB’s are released*

*not applicable in case when UE data activity restarts

For internal use

Pre-Conditions for redirection to LTE system that

• RAN2980 feature license is in the „ON” state.

If the all above conditions are fulfilled, then UE is ordered to LTE

For internal use

Pre-Conditions for redirection to LTE system that are

Threshold Parameter SmartLTELayeringUA

Interactive Background Each Service

For internal use

Release/version RU50 RNC 8.0 mcRNC 4.0

NodeB Flexi Direct BTS (Flexi) Flexi Lite

Release/version ADA 6.0 WBTS 9.0 Not required

HW & IOT HW requirements UE NetAct Specified by 3GPP

For internal use

Benefits and Gains

For internal use

UE’s identified as “Legacy Fast

Change from “blind” to

Support for E-DCH No license needed for RAN2717 if

RAN2067 LTE Interworking - mandatory

RAN2717 Smart LTE Layering – basic feature

For internal use

Redirection based on CM measurement RAN1596 inactivity trigger ignored

Benefits and Gains

For internal use

Before introduction of RAN2980 (with RAN2717)

For co-located WCDMA and LTE If WCDMA and LTE coverage

For internal use

Problem appears when there is

Trying move to LTE

For internal use

With RAN2980 it doesn’t matter