INTERNAL

STRUCTURES OF
THE EARTH
MATTHEW C. AGUILAR
“THERE’S NO PLACE LIKE
HOME”
COMPONENTS
OF THE EARTH
COMPONENTS OF THE
EARTHATMOSPHERE
LITHOSPHERE
HYDROSPHERE
BIOSPHERE
 COMPONENTS OF THE
EARTH
ATMOSPHERE
is the gaseous layer that surrounds the Earth.
It receives heat and moisture from the surface and
redistributes it, then returning some heat and all of the
moisture to the surface. It supplies vital elements needed
to sustain life forms.
 COMPONENTS OF THE
EARTH
LITOSPHERE
is the solid outer part of the Earth that provides a platform for
most life-forms. The solid bedrock bears a shallow layer of
soil in which nutrient elements become available to
organisms. Its surface is sculpted into landforms which
provide varied habitats for plants, animals, and humans.
 COMPONENTS OF THE
EARTH
HYDROSPHERE
is the liquid realm of the Earth. It is principally the mass of
water in the world’s oceans. It also includes solid ice in
mountains and continental glaciers.
 COMPONENTS OF THE
EARTH
BIOSPHERE
is contained in the shallow surface zone called the life layer. It
includes the surface of the lands and the upper 100 meters of
the ocean.
LAYERS OFTHE
EARTH
 LAYERS OF THE
EARTH
Geologists are scientists
who study the solid and liquid
matter that constitutes the
Earth as well as the
processes and history that
has shaped it.
 LAYERS OF THE
EARTH
Why do Geologists need
to study the structures
that constitutes the
Earth?
 LAYERS OF THE
EARTH
1. THE CRUST
-covers the mantle and is the
earth’s hard outer shell, the
surface on which we are living.
It is the outermost layer of the
Earth that is made up of silicate
rock materials.
 LAYERS OF THE
EARTH
1. THE CRUST
Oceanic Crust gathers a layer of
cooled mantle on the underside. This
cause the two-layered structure to sink
into the hot, molten mantle. Once in
the mantle, the oceanic crust melts and
is thus recycled.
 LAYERS OF THE
EARTH
2. THE MANTLE
mantle is the largest layer of the Earth. It is
made up of iron, aluminum, calcium, magnesium,
silicon, and oxygen. Most of the Earth’s mass lies
here. It is in this layer that volcano magma is
present. It is divided into the upper and lower
sections. The upper mantle is much cooler than the
lower section. Its overall thickness is 2,900 km.
 LAYERS OF THE
EARTH
MOHOROVICIC DISCONTINUITY
is the boundary where seismic waves travel at a
different and more rapid rate than in either the crust
or mantle. The Moho is named after Andrija
Mohorovicic (1857-1936), a Croatian meteorologist
and seismologist who was fascinated with the faults
and movements in the Earth’s infrastructures that
results in earthquakes.
 LAYERS OF THE
EARTH
3. THE CORE
The OUTER CORE can be
regarded as a ball of very hot
metals. It is liquid and made up of
iron and nickel. The density is very
high, but less than pure molten
iron.
 LAYERS OF THE
EARTH
GUTENBERG DISCONTINUITY
is the boundary between the core
and the mantle and was named after
Beno Gutenberg (1889-1960), a
seismologist who made several
important contributions to the study
and understanding of the Earth’s
interior.
 LAYERS OF THE
EARTH
3. THE CORE
The INNER CORE is the innermost layer of
the Earth, and is characterized by extremely high
temperature and pressure conditions. Its
temperature reached at approximately 5,000
degrees Celsius. It is due to high pressure that its
materials are unable to move and remain solid. Its
thickness is believed to be about 1,278 km.
ACTIVITY #1

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