DIABETES IN DOG

VCM=604
Submitted By:- Dr. Pinky Rani
 INTRODUCTION
• The medical term for the illness is diabetes mellitus
(mellitus is a Latin term that means “honey sweet,” reflecting the
elevated sugar levels the condition produces in urine and blood)

• Diabetes occurs when the body is unable to produce sufficient

insulin to metabolize food for energy, or when the body’s cells
fail to utilize insulin properly.
WHO IS SUSCEPTIBLE MORE
• Age. it mostly occurs in middle-aged to senior dogs.i;e age 5 or older when
diagnosed.
• Gender. Unspayed female dogs are twice as likely as male dogs to have diabetes.
• Chronic or repeated pancreatitis.
• Obesity. Obesity contributes to insulin resistance and is a risk factor for
pancreatitis, which can lead to diabetes.
• Steroid medications. These can cause diabetes when used long-term.
• Cushing’s disease. With Cushing’s disease, the body overproduces steroids
internally, so this condition also can cause diabetes.
• Other health conditions. Some autoimmune disorders and viral diseases are also
thought to possibly trigger diabetes.
 G E N E T I C FA C T O R

• Genetics. Diabetes can occur in any breed or mixed-breed, and it seems genetics
can play a role in either increased or reduced risk.
• A 2003 study found that overall, mixed-breeds are no less prone to diabetes than
are purebreds.
• Among purebreds, breeds vary in susceptibility, some with very low risk and
others with higher risk.
• Some that may be at higher risk include miniature Poodles, Bichons Frises, Pugs
, Dachshunds, Miniature Schnauzers, Puli, Samoyeds, Keeshonds, Australian
Terriers, Fox Terriers, Cairn Terriers, and Beagles.
 CAUSES
Type I diabetes
• caused by the destruction of insulin-producing cells in the pancreas.
(These cells die as a result of inflammation of the pancreas, known
as pancreatitis.)

Type II diabetes
• Obese dogs are at risk for developing
• Dogs with Cushing's disease (hyperadrenocorticism), intact (not spayed)
female dogs and those on glucocorticoid (steroid) medications.

• 50 percent of canine diabetes cases are likely linked to pancreatic damage

 SYMPTOMS
• Excessive thirst
• Increased urination
• Weight loss
• Increased appetite
• Advanced signs. In more advanced cases of diabetes, symptoms can
become more pronounced and can include:
• Loss of appetite
• Lack of energy
• Depressed attitude
• Vomiting
RETINAL HEMORRAGES IN DOG WITH
DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
A MATURE CATARACT WITH PROMINENT
LENS “Y” SUTURE INVOLVEMENT CAUSED
BY DIABETES IN DOG
LENS FIBERS IN THE EQUATORIAL LENS
CORTEX SWELL AND APPEAR AS
“WATER CLEFTS” IN DOG WITH
DIABETES
DIABETES CAN CAUSES THREAT TO
HEALTH
• Uncontrolled diabetes can lead to devastating effects on the dog’s body,
• I;e-
• Cataracts (leading to blindness)
• Enlarged liver
• Urinary tract infections
• Seizures
• Kidney failure
• Ketoacidosis,
 DIAGNOSIS

• Testing for excessive glucose (sugar) in the blood and urine.

• Blood tests can also show other indications of diabetes, such as
high liver enzymes and electrolyte imbalances.
 TREATMENT
• Diet. Good-quality protein, as well as fiber and complex carbohydrates that
will help to slow absorption of glucose. also give a diet with relatively low fat
content.
• Exercise. To help avoid sudden spikes or drops in glucose levels, it is
especially important that diabetic dogs maintain a moderate but consistent
exercise routine.
• Injections. Most diabetic dogs will require daily shots of insulin under the
skin
(It can become a quick and easy daily routine that isn’t traumatic at all for either
dog or owner)