Information

Processing
Prepared By: Maria Erika A. Manuel
 Information Processing Theory

Executive Control
Types of Knowledge Stages
Processes

General/Specific Encoding

Declarative Storage

Procedural Retrieval

Episodic

Conditional
 It is a cognitive theoretical
framework that focuses on how
knowledge enters and is stored in
and is retrieved from our
memory.
Information Processing
It is one of the most significant
cognitive theories in the last
century and it has strong
implications on the teaching-
learning process.
 Cognitive psychologist believe that cognitive
Our minds work same as computer
processes influence the nature of what is
work.
learned.

They consider learning as largely an

internal process, not an external behavior They believe that how a person thinks
change.
They look into how we receive,
perceive, store and retrieve
information.
IPT about and interprets what s/he receives
shape what s/he will learn.

It describes how a learner receives information form

the environment through the senses and what takes
place in between determines whether the
information will continue to pass through the
sensory register, then the short term and the long
term memory.
Certain factors would also determine whether the
information will be retrieved or “remembered”
when the learner needs it.
“Types” of Knowledge

01 02 03 04 05

General vs. Declarative Procedural Episodic Conditional

Specific This includes This is about
This refers to This includes
factual knowledge on memories of life “knowing when
This involves
knowledge. how to do events, like your and why” to
whether the
They relate to things. high school apply
knowledge is
the nature of prom. declarative or
useful in many
how things are. procedural
tasks, or only
They may be in strategies.
in one.
the form of a
word or image.
The information is brought back
at the appropriate time and
The information is
reactivated for use on a current
stored for either a
task, the true measure of
brief or extended
effective memory.
period of time,
depending upon
the processes
Retrieval following
encoding
Information is
sensed, perceived

Stages in the Storage and attended to.

Information Processing
Theory Encoding
SENSORY EXECUTIVE
REGISTE CONTROL
RoleRof PROCESSIN FORGETTIN
Attention G G
STM
LTM
 Our mind receives a great The sensory register only
amount of information holds the information for
but it is more that what an extremely brief period auditory memory is more
our minds can hold or – in the order of 1 to 3 persistent than visual.
perceive. seconds.

Duration based on
Capacity Duration modality

Sensory Register
The Role of attention
01 02 03

To bring information into Getting through this Before information is perceived, it is

consciousness, it is attentional filter is done
when the learner is
necessary that we give
attention to it. Such that, interested in the material;
when there is conscious
we can only perceive and
control over attention, or
remember later those
when information involves
things that pass through novelty, surprise, salience
our attention “gate”. and distinctiveness.
known as “precategorical”
information. To this point, the
information is coming in as
uninterpreted patterns of stimuli.
Once, it is perceived, we can
categorize, judge, interpret and
place meaning to the stimuli. If we
fail to perceive, we have no means
by which to recognize that the
stimulus was ever encountered.
 Short-term Memory
(STM or Working Memory)
 Capacity: The STM can only hold 5-9 “chunks” of
information, sometimes describe as 7+ſ -2. It is called working
memory because it is where new information is temporarily
placed while it is mentally processed. STM maintains
information for a limited time, until the learner has adequate
resources to process the information, or until the information
is forgotten.

 Duration: Around 18 seconds or less.

 To reduce the loss information in 18 seconds, you need to do maintenance
rehearsal. It is using repetition to keep the information active in STM,
like when you repeat a phone number just given over and over.
 Long-term Memory

 The LTM is the final or permanent storing house

for memory information.

 It holds the stored information until needed

again.

• CAPACITY: LTM has unlimited capacity.

• DURATION: Duration in the LTM is indefinite
THANK YOU
for listening