cognitivism

group 4
 Cognitivism
focuses on the mind, and more specifically,
mental processes such as thinking, knowing,
memory, and problem-solving, with the goal
of opening the “black box” of the human
mind, the process of which is deemed
valuable and necessary for learning to occur.
 Gestalt theory
emphasized the importance of sensory
wholes and the dynamic nature of visual
perception. Psychologists Max Wertheimer,
Wolfgang Kohler and Kurt Koffka studied
perception and concluded that perceivers (or
learners) are not passive, but rather active.
 Gestalt
Principles
Law of
Proximity
Elements that are closer together will be perceived as
coherent objective. On the left, there appears to be four
columns, while on the right, there appears to be four
horizontal rows. When objects we are perceiving are
near each other, we perceive them as belonging together.
 Law of
Similarity
Elements that look similar will be perceived as
part of the same form. There seems to be a
triangle in the square. We link similar elements
together.
 Law of
Closure
We tend to fill the gaps or “close” the figures we
perceive. We close a space by completing a
contour and ignoring gaps in the figure
Law of Good
Continuation
Individuals have the tendency to
continue contours whenever the
elements of the pattern establish
an implied direction. People tend
to draw a good continuous line.
Law of Good
Pragnanz
The stimulus will be organized into as good a figure
as possible. In this example, good refers to symmetry,
simplicity and regularity. Based on our experiences
with perception, we “expect” certain patterns and
therefore, perceive that expected pattern.
Law of
Figure/Ground
We tend to pay attention and
perceive things in the
foreground first. A stimulus
will be perceived as separate
from its ground.
 Insight
Learning
 Insight Learning
The idea of insight learning was first
developed by Wolfgang Kohler in
which he described experiments with
apes where the apes could use boxes
and sticks as tools to solve problems.
 The six gestalt principles
not only influence perception but they also
impact on learning. Other psychologists like
Kurt Lewin expounded on Gestalt psychology.
His theory focusing on “life space” adhered to
gestalt psychology. He said that an individual
has inner and outer forces that affect his
perceptions and also his learning.
Thank you
very much