Presentation

on
Study and Optimization of energy efficient last mile logistics.

Group Members-
Akshay Garg, Ashutosh Srivastava, Gaurav Yadav, Ravindra Kr. Chaurasiya
Project Guide-
Vivek Kumar Pathak
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
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KIET Group of Institutions
Delhi NCR Ghaziabad (UP), India
Outline
 Introduction
 Literature survey
 Objective
 Research Methodology
 Result Analysis
 Conclusions
 Future Scope
 Limitations
 References

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Introduction
 Last mile delivery is the final leg of supply chain.
 Energy-efficient last- mile delivery is all about doing this delivery part in a
way that keeps customer happy, saves money, and doesn’t harm the
environment too much.

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 In recent literature survey,
a) Arni Halldorson and Jessica Wehner provide a framework that extends the supply-push and
demand-pull tactics to include last mile delivery. They also emphasize the importance of
distribution stricture, focusing on the function of end consumers. The technology offers logistics
managers useful insights and delivery efficiency metrics

b) Sergio Maria Patella, Gianluca Grazieschi, Valerio Gatta, Edoardo Marcucci, and Stefano
Carrese have observed an increase in scholarly interest in green car adoption in urban logistics.
Optimization and scheduling, policy, and sustainability emerged as the primary categories.

c) Feng Li, Zhi-Ping-Fan, Bing-Bing Cao, and Xin Li concentrate on the selection of logistics
service modes for last-mile delivery while keeping consumer utility and service cost in mind

d) The Palander Teijo Emphasize the significance of information quality, technology adoption,
and collaboration techniques in the supply chain of the forest industry, which may negatively
impact the operation of timber harvesting and transportation

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e) Mohamed Awwad, Abhijeet Shekhar, and Abhishek Sundaranarayanan Iyer propose a
statistical method for allocating vehicles to delivery locations, the use of e-vehicles, an
airborne fulfillment center, a reduction in this number of failed deliveries, proper fleet
planning, carbon emission trading, the use or alternative fuels, and urban consolidation
centers as solutions to reduce CO2 emissions.

f) Mohammad Zaher Akkad, Rana Rabee, and Tamas Banyai underline the importance of the
last-mile supply chain, which allows for the development of an effective model for product
collections and distribution.

g) Mohammad Zaher Akkad, Rana Rabee, and Tamas Banyai underline the importance of the
last-mile supply chain, which allows for the development of an effective model for product
collections and distribution.

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Based on the Literature Survey the barriers
identified where as follows-
Delivery cost ,Inventory storage ,Delivery time ,Vehicle capacity, Routing of vehicle
and vehicle breakdown ,Traffic congestion ,Road condition ,GPS accuracy,
Customer response , Lack of technology ,Number of warehouses , Zero defect
policy ,Market competition ,Employee satisfaction ,Variable demands ,Alternative
vehicles .

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 Objective-
The Findings give decision-makers valuable insights into the elements that
influence last-mile delivery. The outcomes of this study will be valuable for
managers and policymakers in understanding energy efficient last-mile delivery
growth and will help to improve the nation's economy by cutting delivery costs,
increasing employment, and promoting technical advancements.

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Research Methodology
a) DEMATEL is a popular method for modelling relationships between variables. Cause
and effect are two critical components in DEMATEL that serve as the foundation for
splitting variables into two quadrants (cause and effect).
b) This technique is similar to mind mapping in that the expert responses to the hurdles
are organized in a visual impact map to help determine the best course of action for
addressing the problem in real-world circumstances.
c) DEMATEL detects and ranks the criteria based on their links and the severity of their
impact on one another.

DEFINITION SCALE

No influence 0

Low influence 1

Medium influence 2

High influence 3

Very high influence 4 8

Total Relation Matrix-

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Normalize Relation Matrix-

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Total Relation Matrix-

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Calculation of Rows and columns or making Identity-
Ratings of Barriers-

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Best Worst Method-
a)The approach of best-worst method is employed to determine the relative importance of
the contributing elements.
b)The BWM methodology is used in this method to determine the intensity of each
element. After brainstorming, experts identify the best and worst comparisons for each
group using the BWM standard approach. Additionally, comparisons are made for every
sub-criterion.

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Best Worst Method

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Graph between Barriers and final Weightage

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Result Analysis
After analyzing both Methodologies that is DEMATEL and Best Worst
Method It was found that Delivery time effects the most in case for energy
efficient last mile delivery.

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 Conclusion

a)E-commerce sector should prioritize reducing delivery time for enhanced customer satisfaction, trust,
and industry profitability.
b)Adopting energy-efficient practices like optimizing delivery costs, enhancing GPS accuracy, and
deploying drones and autonomous vehicles can reduce operational costs and create new job
opportunities.
c)Investing in energy-efficient transportation infrastructure attracts enterprises, boosts economic
growth, and strengthens logistical networks.

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Future Scope

 Hybrid approach: Understand interrelationships among factors in last-mile energy

efficiency.
 Prioritize and optimize strategies effectively.
 Advanced data analytics and decision-making algorithms improve accuracy and
efficiency.
 Collaboration with stakeholders and policymakers for implementation.
 Contribute to greener and more efficient last-mile delivery systems

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Limitations

a)Limited access to comprehensive and accurate data on energy consumption,

delivery routes, and vehicle efficiency can hinder detailed analysis and
optimization efforts.
b)The limitation of this technique is that it only considers quantitative factors of
energy efficient last mile delivery, even though performance evaluation requires
qualitative parameters as well. It will impact the efficiency of the last mile chain.
Perception of customer approach.

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Reference

 Árni Halldórsson, Jessica Wehner, Last-mile logistics fulfilment: A framework for

energy efficiency. Published in Transportation Business & Management (RTBM) 37
(2020) 100481 doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2020.100481
 Sergio Maria Patella, Gianluca Grazieschi, Valerio Gatta , Edoardo Marcucci and
Stefano Carrese .The Adoption of Green Vehicles in Last Mile Logistics: A Systematic
Review.vol. 13 Issue 1 dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010006
 Feng Li, Zhi-Ping Fan, Bing-Bing Cao and Xin Li Logistics Service Mode Selection
for Last Mile Delivery: An Analysis Method Considering Customer Utility and
Delivery Service Cost. Published in sustainability vol. 13 Issue 1
doi.org/10.3390/su13010284
 Antonio Comi , Lidiia Savchenko, Last-mile delivering: Analysis of environment-
friendly transport. Sustainable Cities and Society 74,(2021),103213
doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2021.103213

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 Mohamed Awwad, Abhijeet Shekhar and Abhishek Sundaranarayanan Iyer Sustainable,
Last-Mile Logistics Operation, Era of E-Commerce Proceedings of the International
Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management Washington DC,
USA, September 27-29, 2018
 Mohammad Zaher Akkad, Rana Rabee, Tamas Banyai, Energy efficiency optimization
of last mile supply system with reverse logistics consideration. International Scientific
Journal. Volume: 9 ISSUE N0.-3, PAGE NO.–315-323 doi:10.22306/al.v9i3.315
 Emrah Demir, Aris Syntetos, Last mile logistics: Research trends and needs. IMA
Journal of Management Mathematics (2022) ISSUE NO.- 4, PAGE NO.- 549-561
doi.org/10.1093/imaman/dpac006
 Teijo Palander, Outsourcing Issues of Wood Supply Chain Management in the Forest
Industry. Forest Science, 2022, 68, ISSUE NO. – 68 PAGE NO.- 521-532
doi.org/10.1093/forsci/fxac029
 A Alfieri, A De Marco and E Pastore Last mile logistics in Fast Fashion supply chains:
a case study A. Alfieri et al. / IFAC PapersOnLine 52-13 (2019) 1693–1698

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 Papri Ray, R. Duraipandian, Hari Om Harsh, Exploration of the challenges in the last
mile delivery in supply chain. TEST Engineering and Management Volume 83 Page
ISSN- 0193-4120 Number: 14524 - 14532 Publication Issue: March - April 2020
 Aymen Aloui and Nadia Dynamic allocation problem of parcels in lockers on the last
mile delivery. Conference: 7th IEEE International Conference of Advanced Logistics
and Transport, IEEE ICALT 2019, Marakech, Maroc, 14-16 Juin 2019.
 Tauseef Aized and J-Jit Singh Srai Hierarchical modelling of Last Mile logistic
distribution system published in The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing
Technology vol. No 70 issue No 10.1007 page no. 1053-1061
DOI 10.1007/s00170-013-5349-3
 Vivek Kumar Pathak, Dixit Garg, Ashish Agarwal, Analysis of Last mile delivery
performance Barriers by the DEMATEL approach, EVERGREEN Joint Journal of
Novel Carbon Resources science & Green Asia Strategy, Issue 03,pp 1495-1507,
September 2023.

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THANK YOU

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