PHILIPPINES

POLITICS &
GOVERNANCE
HUP1 – WEDNESDAY (5PM-7PM) HUM1 – SATURDAY (9AM-11AM)
HUM5 – THURSDAY (9AM-11AM) GAM1 – SATURDAY (12N-2PM)
GPM1 – THURSDAY (7PM-9PM)
HUP2 – FRIDAY (5PM-7PM)
POWERS OF THE
PRESIDENT
1. Power of control over the executive branch
The President of the Philippines has the mandate of control over all
the executive departments, bureaus, and offices.

2. Power ordinance power

The President of the Philippines has the power to give executive
issuances, which are means to streamline the policy and programs of
an administration.
Executive orders — Acts of the President providing for rules of a
general or permanent character in implementation or execution of
constitutional or statutory powers shall be promulgated in executive
orders.
Administrative orders — Acts of the President which relate to
particular aspects of governmental operations in pursuance of his
duties as the administrative head
Proclamations — Acts of the President fixing a date or declaring a
status or condition of public moment or interest, upon the existence
of which the operation of a specific law or regulation is made to
depend,
Memorandum orders — Acts of the President on matters of
administrative detail, or of subordinate or temporary interest
which only concern a particular officer or government office
Memorandum circulars — Acts of the President on matters relating to
internal administration, which the President desires to bring to the
attention of all or some of the departments, agencies, bureaus, or
offices of the government, for information or compliance,
General or special orders — Acts and commands of the President in his
capacity as commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the
Philippines
3. Power over aliens

4. Powers of eminent domain, escheat, land reservation and

recovery of ill-gotten wealth
means the state has the power to seize or authorize the seizure of private
property for public use with just compensation.

Power of eminent domain — The President shall determine when it is necessary or

advantageous to exercise the power of eminent domain in behalf of the national government, and
direct the solicitor general, whenever he deems the action advisable, to institute expropriation
proceedings in the proper court.
Power to direct escheat or reversion proceedings — The President shall direct the solicitor general
to institute escheat or reversion proceedings over all lands transferred or assigned to persons
disqualified under the constitution to acquire land.

Power to reserve lands of the public and private domain of the government

a. The president shall have the power to reserve for settlement or public use, and for
specific public purposes, any of the lands of the public domain, the use of which is
not otherwise directed by law

b. He shall also have the power to reserve from sale or other disposition and for specific
public uses or purposes, any land belonging to the private domain of the government, or any
of the friar lands, the use of which is not otherwise directed by law

Power over ill-gotten wealth — The President shall direct the solicitor general to institute
proceedings to recover properties unlawfully acquired by public officials or employees, from
them or from their nominees or transferees.
Continuation…
5. Power of appointment
The President may appoint officials of the Philippine
government as provided by the constitution and laws of
the Philippines
6. Power of general supervision over local governments
The President of the Philippines, as chief executive, has
the mandate to supervise local governments in the
Philippines
7. Other powers
President of the Philippines, he can also exercise powers
enumerated in the constitution, and powers given to him by law.
Vice – President in the Philippines – Her
Excellency V-President Sara Duterte
Carpio
Cabinet secretaries act as the alter ego of the
President executing, with his authority, the
power of the Office of the President in their
respective departments.
Executive Secretary – Sec. Lucas Bersamin
1. Secretary of Agrarian Reform – Sec. Conrado M. Estrella III
2. Secretary of Agriculture – Sec. Francisco Tiu Laurel Jr. & President Ferdinand Marcos Jr.
3. Secretary of Budget and Management – Sec. Amenah Pangandaman
4. Secretary of Education – Sec. Sara Duterte
5. Secretary of Energy – Sec. Raphael P.M. Lotilla
6. Secretary of Environment and Natural Resources – Sec. Maria Antonia Yulo Loyzaga
7. Secretary of Finance – Sec. Ralph Recto & Sec. Benjamin Diokno
8. Secretary of Foreign Affairs – Ambassador Enrique Manalo
9. Secretary of Health – Dr. Teodoro Herbosa
10. Secretary of Justice – Sec. Jesus Crispin Remulla
11. Secretary of Labor and Employment – Sec. Bienvenido Estudillo Laguesma
12. Secretary of National Defense – Sec. Gilberto Teodoro Jr.
13. Secretary of Public Works and Highways – Sec. Manuel Bonoan
14. Secretary of Science and Technology – Sec. Renato Solidum Jr.
15. Secretary of Social Welfare and Development – Sec. Rex Gatchalian
16. Secretary of the Interior and Local Government – Sec. Benhur Abalos
17. Secretary of Trade and Industry – Sec. Alfredo Pascual
18. Secretary of Transportation and Communications – Sec. Jaime Bautista
19. Secretary of Tourism – Sec. Cristina Frasco
20. Commission on Higher Education – Sec. J. Prospero De Vera III
21. Director General of the National Economic and Development Authority – Sec. Arsenio Balisacan
22. Solicitor General – Sec. Menardo Guevarra
LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNIT

Each local government has its own chief executive.

The following is the list of local chief executives:

1.barangay — punong barangay (barangay

chairman)
2.municipality — municipal mayor
3.city — city mayor
4.province — provincial governor
Punong barangay
1. Enforce all laws and ordinances which are applicable within the barangay;

2. Negotiate, enter into, and sign contracts for and in behalf of the barangay, upon
authorization of the Sangguniang Barangay;

3. Maintain public order in the barangay;

4. Call and preside over the sessions of the Sangguniang Barangay and the
Barangay Assembly;

5. Appoint or replace the barangay treasurer, the barangay secretary, and other
appointive barangay officials;
Municipal and city mayors

1. Exercise general supervision and control over all programs,

projects, services, and activities of the municipal or city government

2. Enforce all laws and ordinances, and implement all approved

policies, programs, projects, services and activities of the municipality
or city:
3. Initiate and maximize the generation of resources and revenues, to be used for
the implementation of development plans, program objectives and priorities:

4. Ensure the delivery of basic services and the provision of adequate facilities as
provided for under Section 17 of the Local Government Code.
Provincial governors
A. Exercise general supervision and control over all programs,
projects, services, and activities of the provincial government:
B. Enforce all laws and ordinances, and implement all approved
policies, programs, projects, services and activities of the province:
C. Initiate and maximize the generation of resources and
revenues, to be used for the implementation of development
plans, program objectives and priorities:
D. Ensure the delivery of basic services and the provision of
adequate facilities as provided for under Section 17 of the
Local Government Code.
THE LEGISLATIVE BRANCH

The legislative branch of government is responsible for making laws within a

country.
It consist of a Senate and a House of Representatives.

The qualifications to become a senator, as stipulated in the constitution, are:

1.a natural-born citizen of the Philippines;

2.at least thirty-five years old;
3.is able to read and write
4.a registered voter; and
5.a resident of the Philippines for not less than two years before election day
The constitution provides for the following criteria to become a member of the
House of Representatives:

1.a natural-born citizen of the Philippines;

2.at least twenty-five years old;

3.is able to read and write; and

4.except the party-list representatives, a registered voter and a resident for at least
one year in the district where s/he shall be elected.
Congress is responsible for making enabling laws to make sure the spirit of the
constitution is upheld in the country and, at times, amend or change the
constitution itself. In order to craft laws, the legislative body comes out with two
main documents:

Bills and Resolutions

Resolutions convey principles and

sentiments of the Senate or the
House of Representatives.

Bills are laws in the making. They pass into

law when they are approved by both houses
and the President of the Philippines.
Questions?