EXPLORING THE

ESSENCE:
UNVEILING THE STORY OF
E V E R Y D AY O B J E C T S

Submitted By:
Laiba Aziz
Registration No:
SP24-BSI-030
Submitted To:
Dr. Mohsin Raza
 OBJECT:
CLOCKS
C L O C K S T H AT R U L E O U R W O R L D
TABLE OF • History

CONTENTS •

•
Evolution of Clocks
Composition And Structure
• Functionality And Uses
• Lifespan of Clocks
• Sustainability of Clocks
• Manufacturing Process
• Replication And Artificial Creation
• Personal Connection
• Insights and Discoveries
• Future Considerations
 HISTORY
• Clocks evolved from ancient timekeeping methods that tracked the
positions of the sun and moon at certain times of the day and night.
They found that the sun and moon would be at specific places at
different times.
• Multiple cultures independently developed early clocks.
• Sundials, among the first timekeeping devices, were based on the
sun’s position.
• The Egyptians or Babylonians invented the first recorded water
clock in the 14th century B.C.E.
• The Chinese developed a similar clock using mercury around the
same time.
• Native Americans also invented water clocks.
 EVOLUTION OF CLOCKS
Traditional Clocks:
•Ancient Timekeeping:
o Sundials: Helped in determining the time using shadows of the Sun.
o Water Clocks: Utilized water flow as the record of time; it was invented by
Egyptians, Babylonians, as well as Chinese.

• Mechanical Clocks:
o 14th Century: Introduction of gears, escapements, and springs.
o 17th Century: Pendulum clocks, were invented by Christiaan Huygens with
improved accuracy.

• Quartz Clocks:
o 20th Century: Quartz crystals are applied for frequency of oscillators in
electronic devices.
o High Accuracy: Became widespread due to high accuracy and low cost.

• Atomic Clocks:
o Mid-20th Century: Used atomic vibrations to an extent that was quite precise.
o Applications: Fundamental to Global Positioning System or GPS, various
types of scientific applications, and the Global Time Scale or GTS.
TRANSITION TO SMART CLOCKS:

• Digital Clocks:
o Appeared parallel to developing electronics, shown on an LED or LCD
of a watch.
o Easier to read and integrate aspects such as alarms, timers, and
backlight.

• Introduction of Smart Features:

o Integration of connectivity features like Bluetooth and Wi-Fi.
o Easy synchronization with other connected devices and networks to
get the most precise time.

• Health and Fitness Tracking:

o Smartwatches, a subset of smart clocks, include features such as
heart rate sensors, step count, sleep tracking, and other health-
related options.
o Display health tips and notifications for the users.

• Advanced Connectivity:
o Phone calls, messaging, and basic Internet access on the smartwatch
through the cellular connection
o Enhanced mobility and functionality for users.

• Energy Efficiency and Sustainability:

o Modern smart clocks and watches focus on improved battery life and
sustainable materials.
o Wireless charging and energy-saving modes are becoming standard
features.
COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE
• Clocks’ construction plays a crucial role in clock function and precision.
• A typical clock assembly includes the timekeeping part, wheels, escape wheels,
and energy sources.
• It can be made with various materials such as wooden, metallic, brass, plastic,
or glass, which influence its durability.
• The clock may be in the form of a pendulum, balance wheel, quartz, and atomic
oscillation to enable accurate measurements of time.
• Movements like gears and escapements transfer power and control motion
and divide time into equal fractions in mechanical clocks.
• Power sources like springs, batteries, and electricity determine autonomy
and maintenance requirements.
FUNCTIONALITY AND
USES
• Clocks primarily serve to display time
accurately.
• Help in coordinating activities and
maintaining work schedules.
• Useful in navigation, research, and
synchronizing global activities.
• Specific features such as alarms to wake
the sleepers, signals like LED for kids,
and auditory or tactual design for the
blind make them even more
constructive.
LIFESPAN OF
CLOCKS
• The lifespan of clocks varies based on their
type and construction quality:
o Mechanical clocks have long life
spans, if they are well maintained,
involving proper cleaning and
lubricating them.
o Quartz clocks last for up to fifty years
on average but the batteries need to be
replaced after every few years.
o Digital clocks and smartwatches may
have shorter lifespans due to rapid
technological advancements.
SUSTAINABILITY
OF CLOCKS
• Sustainability efforts focus on using
recyclable materials, reducing hazardous
substances, and designing for easier
disassembly and recycling:
o Mechanical clocks have a high
potential for repurposing and recycling
due to their metal and glass
components.
o Quartz and digital clocks can be
partially recycled, particularly the metal
parts.
o Smart clocks require more advanced
recycling processes to handle their
sophisticated materials and
electronics.
• The use of eco-friendly materials can
enhance the sustainability of all types of
clocks.
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
Material • Melting materials (metal or
wood)
Preparatio • Pouring onto a mold to
n create the frame

Frame • Frame is formed from the

mold (metal or wood)
Creation

Mechanis • Quartz Clocks: Assemble oscillator,

controller, counter, and indicator.
m • Mechanical Clocks: Assemble
Assembly wheelwork or gear train.

Integratio • Integrate the clock mechanism

n into the frame

Mass • Use advanced machinery and

Productio automation for consistency and
n efficiency
REPLICATION AND ARTIFICIAL CREATION

• Clocks cannot be artificially grown as clocks are man-made accessories

or devices that are manufactured with small mechanical or electronic
parts.
• Replication of clocks can be done through manufacturing processes,
either by mass production methods or artisanal craftsmanship,
depending on the desired level of customization.
• Using modern technology and advanced manufacturing, the
production of similar clocks is possible, with high precision and efficiency.
• The high-end clocks or antique ones, may be replicated by skilled
artisans by following the standard procedures of manufacturing and by
using standard materials.
PERSONAL
CONNECTION
•Ichose this topic for the assignment because clocks have a
profound impact on our daily lives, but we always take
them for granted without considering their rich history and
cultural significance.
•Itnot only serves a practical purpose for tracking time,
but it also has deeper meanings related to the passage of
time that is being passed. It is the main reason why we
realized the importance of time.
•Moreover, the integration of technology in clocks, and
the transition of traditional watches to smartwatches, also
fascinated me to choose this topic.
INSIGHTS AND • Clocks have been pivotal in
various fields, from
DISCOVERIES navigation and astronomy
to modern
telecommunications and
data synchronization.
• The environmental impact
of electronic waste from
digital and smart clocks is
an eye-opener.
• E-waste includes the clock
mechanisms and batteries,
displays, and other
electronic components,
which are harmful to the
environment.
• Short life cycles and rapid
technological
advancements lead to
frequent replacements.
FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS

Following innovations can be expected in the

future:
• Improved energy efficiency with
renewable power sources.
• More compact and multifunctional
designs.
• Increased durability from advanced
materials.
• Eco-friendly manufacturing and recycling
practices will address the environmental
impact of electronic waste.
THANK YOU