Unit Title: Carry Out Cleaning For Animal Care Work and Waste

Management Activities
Unit Code: AGR ANH1 02 0322

By: Shimelis Kebede(DVM)

 Learning Objectives
LO1: Identifying the required materials, tools and equipment for
cleaning activities
LO2: Apply OHS procedures
LO3: Cleaning animal premises and materials
LO4: Routine animal care and cleaning activities
LO5: Waste management activities
Identifying the requiring materials tools and
Equipment for cleaning activities
Cleaning
Cleaning is the most important step in the disinfection process.

If an item or material is not adequately cleaned, the application of

disinfectant is a waste of time and money

because soil (manure, dirt, secretions, and excretions) cannot be

disinfected.
Basic tools and equipment’s for animal care and cleaning activities
Broom
A broom is a cleaning tool consisting of stiff fibers attached to, and
roughly parallel to, a cylindrical handle, the broomstick.
It is commonly used in combination with a dustpan.
Dustpan
A dustpan is a cleaning tool commonly used in combination with
a broom. The dustpan may appear to be a type of flat scoop.
Bucket
A bucket, also called a pail, is typically a watertight, vertical
cylinder or Truncated cone, with an open top and a flat bottom,
usually attached to a semicircular carrying handle called the bail.
A bail can have an open top or can have a lid.
Mop
Mop (such as a floor mop) is a mass or bundle of coarse strings or yarn,
etc., or a piece of cloth, sponge, or other absorbent material, attached to
a pole or stick.
It is used to soak up liquid, for cleaning floors and other surfaces, or to
mop up dust, or for other cleaning purposes.
Water
High- and low-pressure sprayer,
Power or fuel for sprayer
Vacuum cleaner:
A device that uses an air pump to create a partial vacuum to suck up
dust and dirt
Water Hoses:
Hollow tubes designed to carry fluids from one location to another.
Sponge
Characterized by readily absorbing water and becoming soft when
wet while retaining toughness
Dishcloth
Used in the kitchen to dry dishes and other surfaces
Cleaning cloth
Used to wipe the cleaning tools and equipment
Disposal pits
A disposal pit is a way of disposing of household waste by burying it,
after it has been reduced or recycled as much as possible.
This helps prevent contamination of water supplies and breeding of
flies and rats which may spread disease to people in the community.
Disinfectant
A disinfectant is a physical agent or chemical agent that destroys
vegetative forms of harmful micro-organisms, usually on inanimate
objects but sometimes on the coat or hooves of animals.
(Remember that antiseptics is applied on animates)
What to Consider When Choosing Your Disinfectant
There are four primary considerations you should evaluate when
choosing a disinfectant to best meet the needs of your facility.
Effectiveness:
Does a disinfectant kill the microbes and pathogens that are of top
concern in your facility?
Killing Time:
How quickly does a disinfectant product kill a specific pathogen? Does the
product keep surfaces visibly wet in order to comply with these kill times.
Safety:
Is the product safe to use for people and safe for the surfaces it is
being applied to?
Ease of Use:
Are the steps required to use a given disinfectant practical for your facility?
Detergents
Detergents are chemicals that are used to remove
- grease,
- dirt and
- food debris, such as soaps and washing-up liquid.
They help us to clean by helping to dissolve and remove the
contamination and hold it in solution.
However, these are not designed to kill pathogens.
Different types of detergent
Powder detergents
- are more effective than liquid detergents but liquid ones are gentler on
fabric and best for cleaning lightly soiled clothes.
Soaps
Soap is a biodegradable cleaning agent (fatty acid salts ) made by
combining fats (animal or vegetable) with Lye (Sodium Hydroxide).
Home remedies
Baking soda, washing soda, Lime, Vinegar, Hydrogen Peroxide – there
are many home remedies that we regularly use to clean things.
Most of them can be used for clothes too.
Dishwashing liquid is used as a spot stain remover, especially for oily
stains.
Conventional Detergent
Conventional Laundry detergent, like any other household product,
can contain toxic chemicals and even carcinogens.
The conventional detergents use chemicals to bring fragrance, the
cleaning agents to make the laundry cleaner, the stabilizers to
stabilize their shelf life, and bleach, brighteners and phosphates to make
the detergents more
Liquid detergents
Liquid detergents work great with water, especially in cold water.
Before washing the clothes, they can easily be used to pre -treat
stains also.
However, the limitation with them is that being liquid, they can easily
be overused and their packaging also creates more waste.
Self-check
Directions: Answer all the questions listed below. Define
1. Disinfectant? (1 point)
2. Detergents (1pt)
3. Tools and (1pt)
4. Equipment (1 point)
5. List 6 tools and equipment used for cleaning activities (6)
Note: Satisfactory rating - 10 points Unsatisfactory - below 10 points
Part-1. Prepare and identify cleaning
materials for cleaning activities
Tools
Equipment
Detergents and
Disinfectants
Part-2. Basic Steps of a Cleaning and
Disinfection Protocol
1) Remove all visible gross contaminants from people, vehicles, and all
equipment.
2) Apply detergent solution onto the surface and allow sufficient time
for the detergent to disperse.
This allows for the breakdown of of fat, protein, and manure.
3) Thoroughly rinse the surface using a hose or pressure washer while
preventing cross contamination of clean surfaces.
4) Apply a standard-registered disinfectant to inactivate disease agents
Checking and reporting insufficient materials, tools
and equipment
Insufficient materials
can cause serious and painful injuries
Emptying
Not all pieces of equipment need emptying; however garbage receptacles
and vacuum cleaners need to be emptied regularly. Dismantling and
reassembling
Dismantling equipment allows it to be meticulously cleaned – improving
its effectiveness and often extending its life.
It is important that all staff involved in this stage are fully trained to
prevent damage to the equipment and reduce the risk of them
injuring themselves.
Wiping over, washing and rinsing
At the end of the business day, each piece of equipment should
be wiped over and
where appropriate washed and rinsed to prevent buildup of grime.
Sanitizing and drying
Any area that is in contact with bacteria must be sanitized.
Sanitizing reduces the harmful bacteria.
Routine maintenance
Every organization should have a maintenance schedule for items of
equipment, which specifies when each item of equipment should be
checked for maintenance.
Self-Check -2 Written Test
1. What is the importance of checking cleaning materials? (3 points)
2. Write the steps of checking cleaning materials (5 points)
Note: Satisfactory rating – 3 and 5 above points Unsatisfactory -
below 3 and 5 points
Correct manual handling techniques used when
loading and unloading material to minimize damage
Correct manual handling techniques are essential for minimizing the
risk of injury and damage when loading and unloading materials.
Here are some key techniques to follow:
Use Proper Lifting Posture
 Lift Smoothly and Slowly
Avoid Twisting
Seek Assistance When Necessary
Plan Your Route
Take Breaks and Pace Yourself
Use Appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
LO2: Apply OHS procedures
Understand the concept of OHS and types of hazard
Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) is a multidisciplinary field
concerned with the
- health,
- safety, and
- welfare of people at work.
It aims to prevent workplace
- accidents,
- injuries, and
- illnesses by identifying and controlling potential hazards in the
workplace.
There are several types of hazards that can pose risks to workers' health
and safety:
1. Physical hazards:
These include factors such as
-noise,
-vibration,
- radiation,
- temperature extremes, and
- ergonomic hazards (related to posture, repetitive movements, etc.).
2. Chemical hazards:
These involve exposure to harmful substances such as
- gases,
- vapors,
- dusts,
- fumes, and
- liquids that can cause acute or chronic health effects.
3. Biological hazards:
These are related to exposure to infectious agents such as
-bacteria,
-viruses,
-fungi, and
- parasites that can cause diseases in humans.
4. Psychosocial hazards: These encompass factors such as
- stress,
- violence,
- bullying,
- harassment, and
- other aspects of the work environment that can affect workers' mental
and emotional well-being.
5. Safety hazards: These include risks such as
- slips,
- trips,
- falls,
- machinery accidents,
- electrical hazards,
- fire hazards, and
- other dangers that can cause physical harm.
Identify work-related hazards and follow strict OHS
procedures
Some common OHS procedures for managing work-related hazards
include:
conducting regular risk assessments,
implementing proper training and education for employees,
providing personal protective equipment (PPE),
establishing clear safety protocols and procedures, and
promoting a culture of safety within the workplace
In a veterinary setting, Some of these hazards include:
exposure to infectious diseases,
bites and scratches from animals,
ergonomic risks from lifting and handling animals,
exposure to hazardous chemicals and drugs, and
potential radiation exposure from X-ray equipment

So, to prevent these risks OHS procedure should be followed

Risks related to heat, electricity, detergents and
chemical agents
1. Heat
Veterinarians and veterinary professionals need to be aware of the signs
of heat-related issues in animals, such as
- excessive panting,
- drooling,
- weakness, and collapse.
They should also take precautions to prevent heat-related risks, such as -
providing adequate ventilation and shade,
- ensuring access to fresh water, and
- avoiding excessive physical activity during hot weather.
2. Electricity:
There is a risk of electric shock for both animals and veterinary staff
from
- faulty equipment,
- exposed wiring, or
- improper use of electrical devices such as clippers or diagnostic
equipment.
3. Detergents:
Veterinary staff may be at risk of skin irritation or respiratory problems
from exposure to cleaning products and disinfectants used to sanitize
animal cages, surgical equipment, and exam rooms.
4. Chemical agents: n a veterinary setting, risks related to chemical
agents can include:
respiratory irritation,
skin irritation, and
allergic reactions in both animals and veterinary professionals.
Proper ventilation and air circulation helps to minimize these risks
Selecting and checking suitable personal protective
equipment (PPE) prior to use
How to select and check suitable PPE prior to use.
Personal protective equipment (PPE) is used by workers in various
work settings.
Gloves, hard hats, safety glasses, earplugs, aprons, laboratory coats,
safety shoes, and respirators are all examples of PPE.
When a hazard cannot be removed from the workplace, or when
engineering controls are insufficient to control the hazard, PPE must be
considered
Minimum Requirements
Depending on the work activity in which they are involved:
Full length pants
Long or short sleeved shirts (no tank tops)
Footwear that covers the toes
Long hair tied securely back
Respiratory protection, if required
Removal of all jewelry when using barrier protection
Protective gloves required for activities where potential for hand
injury exists
Hearing protection if there is a potential for noise exposure.
Self-Check - 4 Written Test
Directions: Answer all the questions listed below.
1. How to select personal protective equipment prior to use and why?
(6 points)
Safe work practices and OHS procedures
Some basic and essential OHS procedures in any work setting
include:
1. Conducting regular risk assessments to identify potential hazards in
the workplace.
2. Implementing control measures to minimize risks, such as
- providing personal protective equipment and
- ensuring proper training for handling hazardous materials.
3. Providing regular OHS training and updates to employees to ensure
they are aware of safety procedures and protocols.
4. Having access to emergency response plans and ensuring all
employees know how to respond in the event of an incident or accident.
5. Administering first aid and having designated first aiders on site.
6. Ensuring proper communication and reporting procedures for any
safety concerns or incidents.
7. Establishing clear evacuation procedures and ensuring all employees
are familiar with them.
8. Regularly reviewing and updating OHS procedures to ensure they are
effective and up to date with regulations and best practices.
Following instruction and directions provided by
supervisors
Following instructions:
Following instructions can preserve one's health and wellbeing, and it is
a necessary skill for a quality life.
STEPS of following instructions
Listen actively
Take notes
Ask questions
Respond with a good attitude
Before starting the task, make a checklist
Self-Check
Written Test
Directions: Answer all the questions listed below.
The importance of following instructions in the workplace (5 point)
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
LO3: Cleaning Animal Premises and Materials
Relevant equipment and chemicals for disinfection and sterilization
animal health care work area and animal premises
Some common equipment and chemicals for disinfection and
sterilization in an animal health care work area include:
1. Autoclave: Used for sterilizing surgical instruments
2. Ultraviolet (UV) light sterilizer: Used for disinfecting surfaces and
air by killing bacteria and viruses.
3. Disinfectant solutions: Such as quaternary ammonium compounds,
phenols, or hydrogen peroxide-based solutions, which are used to clean
and disinfect surfaces, cages, and equipment.
4. Alcohol-based hand sanitizers
5. Personal protective equipment (PPE):
6. Biological indicators: Used to monitor the effectiveness of
sterilization processes by testing for the presence of bacterial spores.
7. Sterile packaging materials: Such as sterilization pouches or wraps,
used to maintain the sterility of instruments and supplies until they are
ready for use
Some common chemicals used for disinfection and sterilization in
animal health care work areas include:
1. Chlorine-based disinfectants: Such as bleach (sodium
hypochlorite), which is effective against a wide range of bacteria,
viruses, and fungi.
2. Quaternary ammonium compounds (quats): for cleaning and
disinfecting surfaces, equipment, and instruments
3. Phenolic compounds: These are disinfectants that are effective
against a variety of microorganisms
4. Hydrogen peroxide-based disinfectants: These are effective against a
broad spectrum of microorganisms and are often used for environmental
surface disinfection.
5. Iodine-based disinfectants: Such as povidone-iodine, which is used
as an antiseptic for skin and mucous membranes and can also be used to
disinfect surfaces
6. Alcohol-based disinfectants: Isopropyl alcohol and ethanol are
commonly used for disinfecting surfaces and equipment in veterinary
settings.
Some common veterinary disinfectants and sterilizers used in
animal care facilities include:
1. Chlorhexidine: A broad-spectrum disinfectant commonly used for
surgical site preparation, skin disinfection, and wound irrigation in
veterinary medicine.
2. Iodophors: These are iodine-based disinfectants that are effective
against a wide range of microorganisms and are commonly used for
surgical site preparation and skin disinfection.
3. Glutaraldehyde: A high-level disinfectant and sterilant used for the
disinfection of heat-sensitive equipment and instruments in veterinary
settings.
4. Ethylene oxide: A gas sterilizers used for the sterilization of heat- and
moisture-sensitive medical devices and equipment in veterinary
hospitals and clinics.
5. Peracetic acid: A strong oxidizing agent used as a high-level
disinfectant for equipment and endoscopes in veterinary practice.
6. Hydrogen peroxide: An oxidizing agent used as a disinfectant for
environmental surfaces, equipment, and materials in veterinary
facilities.
7. Quaternary ammonium compounds (quats): These are cationic
surfactants with disinfectant properties,
Legislative and regulation on chemical usage
The legislative and regulatory framework for the usage of disinfectants
and sterilants varies by country and region.
In Ethiopia, the Ethiopian Food and Drug Authority (EFDA) and the
Ministry of Agriculture is concerned body.
The EFDA is responsible for the registration, regulation, and control of
veterinary drugs, including disinfectants and sterilants, to ensure their
safety, efficacy, and quality.
The regulatory process for veterinary disinfectants and sterilants in
Ethiopia typically involves the following key aspects:
Registration
Labeling and Packaging
Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP)
Post-Market Surveillance:
Cleaning, Disinfection and sterilization of Animal
health care Working areas and premises
Cleaning:
Regular cleaning of work areas, surfaces, and equipment is the first step
in preventing the spread of pathogens.
Use appropriate cleaning agents and tools to remove dirt, debris, and
organic matter from surfaces. This can include general purpose cleaners
or soap and water.
Thoroughly clean all areas where animals are housed, examined, or
treated, as well as any equipment used in their care.
Disinfection:
After cleaning, it's important to use disinfectants to kill or inactivate any
remaining microorganisms on surfaces and equipment.
Select a suitable disinfectant based on the specific needs of the facility
and the types of microorganisms present. Refer to the list of commonly
used chemicals provided in the previous response.
Follow the manufacturer's instructions for dilution, contact time, and
application methods when using disinfectants.
Sterilization:
Sterilization is necessary for certain critical items that come into contact
with sterile body tissues or the vascular system
1. Choosing the Right Disinfectant:
- Select a disinfectant that is effective
- Consider the compatibility of the disinfectant with the surfaces and
equipment
2. Application of Disinfectant:
- Follow the manufacturer's instructions for dilution, contact time, and
application method
3. Safety Precautions:
- Use personal protective equipment (PPE)
- Ensure adequate ventilation when using disinfectants
4. Frequency of Disinfection:
- Establish a regular schedule for disinfection
5. Monitoring Effectiveness:
6. Environmental Considerations:
Key purposes of disinfection include:
1. Infection Control: by reducing the microbial load on surfaces and
objects
2. Public Health: Covid-19, SARS, MERS etc
3. Food Safety: In processing plants
4. Veterinary Care: including zoonoses control
5. Environmental Hygiene: including households, workplaces, and
public facilities
Sterilization
Sterilization is the process of completely eliminating all forms of
microbial life, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores, from a
surface, object, or environment.
Purpose of Sterilization:
The primary purpose of sterilization is to prevent the transmission of
infectious diseases and ensure the safety of medical procedures,
pharmaceutical products, and food by eradicating all viable
microorganisms that could cause contamination or infection.
Materials and Procedures:
1. Heat Sterilization: Autoclaving is a common heat sterilization
method that uses steam under pressure to achieve high temperatures
2. Chemical Sterilization: Chemical agents such as ethylene oxide gas
or hydrogen peroxide vapor are used to sterilize heat-sensitive medical
devices and equipment.
3. Radiation Sterilization: Ionizing radiation (gamma rays, X-rays)
damages DNA of microorganisms
4. Filtration: Sterilizing filters with pore sizes small enough to remove
bacteria and viruses are used to sterilize heat-sensitive liquids and gases.
5. Dry Heat Sterilization: Some materials and equipment can be
sterilized using dry heat in ovens or incinerators.
Foot baths and wheel bathes
1. Foot Baths:
Foot baths are shallow containers filled with a disinfectant solution that
is placed at the entry and exit points of animal housing facilities or areas
where animals are kept.
Farm workers and visitors are required to step into the foot bath, which
helps to disinfect their footwear, reducing the potential for carrying
pathogens from one area to another.
The disinfectant solution used in foot baths may contain chemicals such
as quaternary ammonium compounds, iodine-based compounds, or
other approved disinfectants.
These solutions are effective in killing or inactivating a wide range of
pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
Wheel Baths:
Wheel baths serve a similar purpose to foot baths but are designed for
disinfecting the wheels of vehicles, equipment, and machinery that enter
and exit the farm premises.
Biosecurity Measures:
Biosecurity encompasses a range of practices aimed at preventing the
introduction and spread of infectious diseases among animals.
Other biosecurity measures may include
- controlled access to farm premises,
- strict sanitation protocols,
- quarantine areas for new.
Cleaning disinfection animal houses, Feeding and watering trough
1. Cleaning Animal Houses:
Regular cleaning of animal houses, such as barns, coops, and shelters, is
crucial for maintaining a healthy environment for the animals.
This involves removing manure, soiled bedding, and other waste
materials from the housing facilities.
Additionally, thorough cleaning and disinfection of surfaces, floors, and
equipment are necessary to eliminate pathogens and reduce the risk of
disease transmission.
Cleaning schedules should be established based on
- the type of animals,
- the size of the housing facilities, and
- the specific needs of the animals.
Proper ventilation and drainage systems should also be in place to
support cleanliness and reduce moisture levels, which can contribute to
the growth of harmful microorganisms.
2. Feeding Troughs:
Feeding troughs should be regularly cleaned to prevent contamination
of feed and to ensure that animals have access to clean and
uncontaminated food.
Leftover feed, dust, and debris should be removed from the troughs,
and they should be washed and sanitized to prevent the growth of mold,
bacteria, and other pathogens.
Regular inspection of feeding equipment is important to identify any
damage or wear that could compromise food safety.
3. Watering Troughs:
Clean water is essential for animal health, so watering troughs must be
kept clean and free from contaminants.
Regularly removing debris, algae, and sediment from watering troughs
is important to maintain water quality.
Troughs should be scrubbed, disinfected, and refilled with fresh water
to ensure that animals have access to clean drinking water at all times.
Disinfection of animal houses, feeding troughs, and watering troughs
1. Animal Houses:
Before disinfection, remove all organic matter
Use a suitable disinfectant that is effective against a broad spectrum of
pathogens commonly found in animal environments. Like
- quaternary ammonium compounds,
- phenolic compounds, and
- peroxygen compounds.
- Follow the manufacturer's instructions for dilution ratios and contact
times
- Thoroughly apply the disinfectant to all surfaces, including floors,
walls, and equipment.
- Pay particular attention to areas where organic matter tends to
accumulate, such as corners and crevices.
- Allow sufficient contact time for the disinfectant to work before
rinsing or drying the surfaces
2. Feeding Troughs:
- Remove all feed residues, dust, and debris from the feeding troughs
before disinfection.
- Wash the troughs with a suitable detergent to remove any remaining
organic matter and then apply a disinfectant specifically designed for
use in food contact areas.
- Ensure that the disinfectant is safe for animals and does not leave
harmful residues that could contaminate the feed.
- Thoroughly rinse and dry the troughs after disinfection to remove any
residual disinfectant and prevent contamination of the feed.
3. Watering Troughs:
- Empty the watering troughs and remove any sediment, algae, or debris.
- Clean the troughs with a suitable detergent to remove organic matter
and mineral deposits.
- Apply a disinfectant specifically formulated for use in drinking water
systems to ensure that the water remains clean and free from harmful
microorganisms.
- Rinse the troughs thoroughly after disinfection to remove any residual
disinfectant and ensure the safety of the drinking water.
LO4: Routine animal care and cleaning activities
Animal body grooming following standard procedures
standard procedures for grooming different types of animals:
1. Brushing: Regular brushing helps to remove loose hair, prevent mats,
and distribute natural oils in the fur or hair. Different types of brushes
are used for different types of coats, so it's important to use the
appropriate brush for your pet's coat type.
2. Bathing: Giving your pet a bath helps to keep their skin and coat
clean and healthy. Use a pet-specific shampoo and make sure to rinse
thoroughly to avoid skin irritation.
3. Nail trimming: Keeping your pet's nails trimmed is important for
their comfort and mobility. Be careful not to cut the nails too short, as
this can cause bleeding and pain.
4. Ear cleaning: Regular ear cleaning can help prevent ear infections
and remove built-up wax and debris. Use a gentle ear cleaning solution
and cotton balls or pads to clean the outer part of the ears.
5. Teeth brushing: Dental hygiene is important for pets too. Use a pet-
specific toothbrush and toothpaste to brush your pet's teeth regularly to
prevent dental issues.
6. Hair trimming: Some pets may require regular hair trimming to keep
their coat at a manageable length and prevent matting.
7. Anal gland expression: Some pets may need their anal glands
expressed if they are not doing so naturally. This should be done by a
professional groomer or veterinarian.
Always consult with a professional groomer or veterinarian for specific
grooming needs for your pet, as different animals may have unique
requirements based on their breed, age, and health status.
Performing Hoof pecking and trimming in equine, ruminants and
camel, debeaking in chicken, wool shearing for sheep following
standard procedures
Hoof pecking and trimming are standard procedures in equine,
ruminants, and camels
The procedures involve
- regular inspection,
- maintenance, and
- trimming of the hooves to prevent issues such as lameness and
discomfort.
In equine, the standard procedure for hoof pecking and trimming
involves the use of specialized tools such as
- a rasp,
- hoof knife, and
- nippers.
For equine veterinarian carefully
- inspects the hooves,
- removes any loose or overgrown material, and
- trims the hooves to maintain the proper shape and balance.
For ruminants like cattle, sheep, and goats, hoof care involves regular
inspection and trimming of overgrown hooves.
The animals are restrained safely, and any overgrown or irregular parts
of the hooves are trimmed to prevent lameness and other hoof-related
issues.
In camels, standard hoof pecking and trimming procedures are similar
to those in equine and ruminants.
The hooves are inspected for overgrowth, injury, or signs of infection.
Trimming is performed using specialized tools by a skilled handler or
veterinarian familiar with camel hoof care.
Standard procedures for debeaking in chicken, wool shearing for
sheep
Here is an overview of the standard procedures for each:
Debeaking in Chickens:
Debeaking, also known as beak trimming, is typically performed on
young chicks to reduce the risk of feather pecking and cannibalism in
poultry flocks.
The procedure involves using specialized equipment, such as
- a hot blade or
- infrared laser, to carefully trim the tip of the beak to a specified length.
Debeaking is often done by trained personnel, with proper care and
attention to minimize pain and stress for the birds.
After the procedure, chickens are monitored closely to ensure they can
eat and drink properly
and that any pain or discomfort is managed appropriately.
Wool Shearing for Sheep:
Wool shearing is the process of removing the wool fleece from sheep
for various purposes, including
-textile production and
- animal welfare.
The procedure is typically performed by professional shearers who
use electric or manual shearing tools
 Before shearing, sheep are usually inspected for any health issues,
and their wool is cleaned and prepared to ensure a smooth and efficient
shearing process.
4. Shearers are trained to
- handle sheep gently and
- with skill to minimize stress and the risk of injury during the shearing
process.
5. After shearing, the sheep are monitored
- to ensure they are comfortable and
- protected from environmental factors such as cold weather.
Inspecting animal feed and maintaining free from gross
contamination, mould, sharp and indigestible objects.
key points to consider:
1. Quality Control: Regularly inspect animal feeds to ensure
- they meet nutritional standards and
- are free from contaminants, mold, or pests.
Check for signs of spoilage, such as
-unusual odors,
-discoloration, or
-foreign objects.
2. Storage Conditions: Store animal feeds in
- a clean,
- dry, and
- well-ventilated area to prevent moisture buildup and mold growth.
Use appropriate containers or silos to protect feeds from
-pests and
-environmental factors.
3. Proper Handling: Handle feeds carefully to avoid contamination and
maintain their nutritional value.
Use clean equipment and tools for scooping and distributing feeds.
4. Rotation: Practice first in, first out (FIFO) rotation to ensure older
feed is used before newer batches.
This helps prevent feed from expiring or losing nutritional quality.
5. Monitoring: Regularly monitor feed inventory levels to prevent
stockouts or excessive accumulation of feed.
Keep records of feed usage and purchases to track consumption patterns
and plan accordingly.
6. Supplier Verification: When purchasing feeds, verify the reputation
and quality standards of suppliers.
Ensure that feeds are sourced from reputable manufacturers with a
history of producing high-quality products.
7. Testing: Periodically test feed samples for nutritional content and
quality to ensure they meet the dietary requirements of the animals.
8. Training: Provide training to staff involved in feed inspection and
handling to ensure they understand best practices for maintaining feed
quality.
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
LO 5: Waste Management Activities
5.1 Appropriate PPE selection and usage in accordance with the
institutional regulation.
1. Assess the Hazards:
2. Choose the Right PPE:
3. Consider Compatibility:
4. Train and Fit Test:
5. Regular Inspection and Replacement:
6. Proper Disposal:
5.2 General waste identification and classification in groups based
on waste management principles of animal care cleaning work areas
Here are some general guidelines:
1. Non-Hazardous Waste: This includes items that are not considered
harmful to humans or the environment.
Examples may include food waste, paper towels, and general packaging
materials like cardboard boxes.
2. Recyclable Waste: Identify and separate items that can be recycled.
This may include paper, plastic bottles, aluminum cans, and glass
containers.
Ensure these items are clean before placing them in recycling bins.
3. Hazardous Waste: This category includes items that can pose a risk
to health or the environment if not handled properly.
Examples may include some cleaning chemicals, used needles or
syringes, expired medication, and certain types of batteries.
These should be segregated and disposed of in accordance with local
regulations.
4. Organic Waste: This refers to biodegradable waste that can
decompose naturally.
In an animal care setting, organic waste may include animal bedding,
plant trimmings, and uneaten food.
This waste can be composted if suitable facilities are available.
5. Medical Waste: If applicable, identify and separate medical waste
such as
- contaminated gloves,
- dressings, or
- other items that have come into contact with potentially infectious
materials.
This waste should be handled and disposed of according to specific
regulations for biomedical waste.
Waste management principles of animal care cleaning work areas:
Here are a few principles commonly applied:
1. Segregation: Waste materials from animal care should be separated
into different categories, such as
- general waste,
- biological waste,
- recyclables, and
- hazardous waste.
This allows for better management and disposal.
2. Proper Disposal: Each category of waste should be disposed of
appropriately.
General waste may be sent to landfill or incinerated,
while biological waste may require special treatment, such as
autoclaving or incineration.
Recyclables should be collected separately for recycling,
and hazardous waste should be treated and disposed of in accordance
with local regulations.
3. Cleaning and Sanitizing Procedures: Work areas used for animal
care should regularly undergo cleaning and sanitizing procedures to
maintain hygiene standards.
This may include
- using appropriate disinfectants,
- following specific cleaning protocols, and
- ensuring all surfaces are thoroughly cleaned.
4. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Animal care staff should
wear appropriate PPE when handling waste or performing cleaning
tasks.
 This helps prevent the spread of any harmful pathogens or chemicals.
5. Training and Education: Animal care staff should receive proper
training and education on waste management principles and best
practices.
Collection, storage and removal of different groups of wastes
1. Waste segregation: Differentiate and categorize the various types of
waste generated in the animal care industry.
This includes
- separating organic waste, hazardous waste (e.g., chemicals,
medications, and sharps),
- non-hazardous waste (e.g., plastics, papers, and packaging materials),
and
- liquid waste (e.g., wash water, sewage).
2. Collection systems: Implement appropriate waste collection systems
such as
- designated storage areas,
- bins, or
- containers for each waste category.
These containers should be labeled clearly to ensure proper waste
segregation.
3. Storage facilities: Provide secure and well-maintained storage
facilities to prevent
- leakage,
- contamination, or
- potential harm to humans, animals, or the environment.
The storage areas should be designed to
-prevent unauthorized access and
-protect waste from adverse weather conditions.
4. Hazardous waste management:
Ensure proper:
-handling,
-labeling,
-storage, and
-disposal of hazardous waste, including chemicals, medications, and
sharps.
 Develop protocols to minimize the risk of accidental exposure and
leakages.
 Collaborate with waste management companies licensed to handle
hazardous waste.
5. Waste removal: Establish a contract with a licensed waste
management company to
- handle the removal and
- disposal of different waste categories.
Ensure the chosen company follows all relevant regulations and
guidelines for
- waste transportation,
- recycling, or
- disposal.
6. Recycling and reusing waste: Explore opportunities to recycle or
reuse certain types of waste generated in the animal care industry.
For example, food waste can be composted or used for animal feed if
appropriate.
Consider partnerships with local organizations or farms that can
repurpose certain waste materials.
7. Education and training: Train staff members on proper waste
management practices, including segregation, storage, and disposal.
Raise awareness about environmental policies
Foster a culture of waste reduction and responsible waste management
among employees.
8. Monitoring and audits: Regularly monitor waste management
practices to ensure compliance with environmental policies.
Conduct periodic audits to assess the efficiency and effectiveness of
waste management systems.
Make adjustments or improvements based on audit findings.
Wastes that require prior treatment before
removal/elimination
1. Segregation: Waste should be segregated into different categories,
such as
- solid waste,
- liquid waste, and
- hazardous waste to ensure proper disposal methods are adopted for
each category.
2. Storage: Waste should be stored in suitable containers that are
- leak-proof,
- durable, and
- labeled appropriately to prevent any spillage or contamination.
3. Treatment of organic waste: Animal care industries often generate
organic waste, such as
- animal manure and
- bedding materials.
Composting or anaerobic digestion can be utilized as treatment methods
to
- reduce the volume of waste,
- eliminate pathogens, and
- produce beneficial byproducts like fertilizer or biogas.
4. Waste water management: Animal care industries may generate
waste water contaminated with animal waste, cleaning chemicals, and
other pollutants.
Proper treatment methods, such as
- sedimentation,
- filtration, and
- disinfection, may be required to remove solids, harmful
microorganisms, and chemical contaminants before discharge.
5. Hazardous waste management: Animal care industries may also
produce hazardous waste, such as chemical cleaners, veterinary
medicines, or radiation-contaminated materials.
6. Regulatory compliance: Ensure compliance with local, national, and
international regulations regarding the treatment and disposal of animal
care industry waste.
This may include
- obtaining permits,
- adhering to specific guidelines, and
- keeping records of waste management activities.
Wastes are Disposed of in Different Ways Depending
on The Groups of Waste and National Guidelines
Here are some common disposal methods:
1. Animal by-products: Animal by-products such as carcasses, organs,
and blood should be disposed of according to national guidelines.
This may involve
- incineration,
- rendering, or
- deep burial.
2. Biological waste: Biological waste, including
- animal bedding,
- feces, and
- urine, should be properly separated and treated.
Composting is a common method, where waste materials are mixed and
monitored for decomposition.
Some countries also allow specific treatment processes, such as
anaerobic digestion.
3. Hazardous waste: Hazardous waste from animal care industries, such
as
- chemicals,
- medications, and
- contaminated materials,
should be managed following national guidelines for hazardous waste
disposal.
This may involve
- proper storage,
- labeling, and
- disposal through licensed waste management facilities.
4. Chemical waste: Chemical waste, such as
- cleaning agents and
- disinfectants,
should be properly managed to prevent environmental contamination.
Follow the instructions provided by the manufacturers and dispose of
any leftover chemicals according to local regulations.
5. Recycling: Where applicable, materials like paper, plastics, and glass
from animal care industries can be recycled.
Ensure proper separation of recyclable materials and follow local
recycling guidelines.
General Treatment and Disposal Method of Wastes
a) Dumping and Landfill: This method involves disposing of waste by
dumping it in a designated landfill area.
The waste is typically spread out and compacted to save space.
However, this method is not environmentally friendly as it can
contaminate soil and water if not properly managed.
b) Incineration/Burning: Incineration is a waste treatment method that
involves burning solid waste at very high temperatures.
This process reduces the volume of waste and can generate energy in
the form of heat or electricity.
However, it can release pollutants and greenhouse gases into the
atmosphere, so proper air pollution control measures need to be in
place.
c) Compaction: Compaction is a waste treatment method that involves
compressing waste to reduce its volume.
This is commonly done in landfills, where waste is compacted using
heavy machinery to save space and allow for more waste to be stored.
d) Burying: Burying waste involves the placement of waste in the
ground,
typically in designated landfill areas, and covering it with soil.
This method isolates the waste from the environment and helps prevent
the spread of contaminants.
However, it can still pose environmental risks if not properly managed.
e) Biogas Generation: Biogas generation involves the decomposition of
organic waste through anaerobic digestion, producing biogas.
This gas, mainly consisting of methane, can be used as an energy
source.
Biogas generation is a more sustainable way of waste treatment as it
converts organic waste into a useful energy resource.
f) Composting: Composting is a natural waste treatment method that
involves the decomposition of organic waste, such as food scraps and
yard waste, into nutrient-rich compost.
This compost can then be used as a fertilizer for plants and gardens.
Composting is an environmentally friendly way to manage organic
waste and can help reduce the need for chemical fertilizers.
These methods vary in their
- effectiveness,
- environmental impact, and
- suitability for different types of waste.
General 3R methods of waste management
according to animal care industries
1. Reduce:
Minimize waste generation by implementing efficient processes and
practices.
For example, using digital documentation instead of paper-based
records.
Purchase products in bulk to reduce packaging waste.
Opt for reusable supplies and containers instead of disposable ones
where possible.
2. Reuse:
Implement recycling programs for commonly used items like batteries,
ink cartridges, and electronics.
3. Recycle:
Separate and recycle different types of waste materials such as paper,
plastic, glass, and metal.
Set up clearly labeled recycling bins throughout the facility to
encourage proper sorting.
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
COMPETENCE TWO ENDS HERE
