capacitor

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 What is Capacitor?

• Capacitor is an electronic
component that stores
electric charge. The capacitor is
made of 2 close conductors
(usually plates) that are
separated by a dielectric
material. The plates accumulate
electric charge when connected
to power source. One plate
accumulates positive charge
and the other plate
accumulates negative charge.
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• Have you seen any of them before ?

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 Where can we find the capacitors ?

We can find it in radio, TV sets , and computers .

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 SPECIFICATION OF CAPACITOR
 Capacitance value
 Tolerance specification
 Working voltage specification
 Dielectric
 Working temperature
 Temperature coefficient
 Leakage resistance/current
 Self inductance
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 How Capacitor Work

• In a way, a capacitor is a little like a

battery. Although they work in
completely different ways, capacitors
and batteries both store electrical
energy. If you have read
How Batteries Work, then you know
that a battery has two terminals.
Inside the battery, chemical reactions
produce electrons on one terminal
and absorb electrons on the other
terminal. A capacitor is much simpler
than a battery, as it can't produce new
electrons -- it only stores them.
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 Inside of the Capacitor

• Inside the capacitor, the

terminals connect to two
metal plates separated by a
non-conducting
substance, or dielectric. You
can easily make a capacitor
from two pieces of aluminum
foil and a piece of paper. It
won't be a particularly good
capacitor in terms of its
storage capacity, but it will
work.
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 Types of Capacitor
• Here are some of the various types of
capacitors and how they are used.
Air - Often used in radio tuning circuits

Mylar - Most commonly used for timer circuits like clocks, alarms and
counters

Good for high voltage applications - Glass

,Ceramic - Used for high frequency purposes like antennas

and MRI machines X-ray

hybrid cars Super capacitor - Powers electric and

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 Types of Capacitor with Symbols
• .

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 Dielectric material

• All the capacitor have two leads the leads

connect to two plates ,the conducting plates
are separated by an insulating material which
called the dielectric

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 Function of dielectric material
• It is used to separate conductive plate of
capacitor
• Dielectric constant of material determine the
amount of energy that a capacitor can store
when voltage is applied

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 Function :
• Capacitors can store and then release
electrical energy.

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 Capacitors
• In its simplest form, a capacitor consists of two metal plates, separated from
each other by an insulator (air, mica, paper etc.)
• A charged capacitor is shown below.

Q+ Q-
+ -
+ -
+ -
+ -
+ -
+ -
+ -

• The capacitor plates have an equal but opposite charge of magnitude Q.

• The net charge on the two plates is zero.

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 Charging a capacitor :
What happens when
the switch closed ?

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 Discharging capacitor :
if the battery is removed , we can discharge the capacitor

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The charging & discharging processes happen
very quickly .Can we show them down ?

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 Chart

Q
Charging Q

Discharging

t
t

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 Why does the direction of
charging current in the opposite
way of current of the battery ?

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 Qn
• Why current equal zero ?
• Because p.d of battery =p.d of capacitor but
in opposite direction

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• The charging & discharging processes happen
very quickly .Can we slow them down ?
• (if we place a resistor in series with capacitor
the capacitor charge and discharges more
slowly
• Also we put a variable resistor to keep the
current in steady value

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 Capacitance
• The ability of a capacitor to store charge on its
plates.

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• The large the capacitance , the more charge
the capacitor stores for each volt applied
across its plates . In fact :
• Capacitance = charge / voltage
• C=Q/V

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 Complete the table :
C=Q/V V ( v) Q=It I(A) t(s)
)F( )C(
0 60 0

1.2 60 10

2.4 60 20

3.6 60 30

4.8 60 40

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 Consider the figure below
• A B

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 Questions :
• Q1:What happens to the capacitor when the
switch in position A?

• Q2:What happens if you move the switch to

position B?

• Q3:Where did this energy come from ?

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 The energy of a charged capacitor

• The p.d. across the capacitor and the

size of its capacitance , both affect
the energy stored .

• Energy stored =0.5Xcapacitance X

(voltage)2
W = 0.5 X C X V2
OR W = 0.5 X Q X V
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 Q1
• A capacitor is charged using a current of 20µA
from a 5volts supply .After 55s it is fully
charged.
• Calculate :
• A. Q?
• B. C?
• C. W?

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 Capacitor in parallel

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 Here are 3 facts that you should know for
capacitors in parallel
• The p.d. across each capacitors is the same &
equal to V .
• The total Q is the sum
Q = Q1+Q2
• The total C is the sum
C = C1+C2

Q=CV
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 Capacitor in series

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Here are 3 facts that you should know for

• The Q. across each capacitors is the same &

equal to Q .
• The total V is the sum
V= V1+V2
• The total C is the sum
1/C = 1/C1+ 1/C2

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Capacitors in sires Capacitors in
Parallel
V = v1+v2 Same V

Same Q = Q1+Q2 Q

C = 1/C1 + 1/C2/1 C =C1+C2 C

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 Qns.
• Q1: Calculate the charge on each capacitor in
this diagram :
• If :
• V=5volt
• C1=500 micro farad
C2=300 micro farad

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 ANSWER
RECALL
Q=CV
NOW ,AMOUNT OF CHARGE IN C1 WILL BE;
Q1=C1*V
Q1=500*10^(-6)*5
Q1=2.5e-3 Coulombs

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 answer
Also ,for C2
Q=CV
NOW ,AMOUNT OF CHARGE IN C2 WILL BE;
Q2=C2*V
• Q2=300*10^(-6)*5
• Q2=1.5e(-3) coulombs

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 WE WILL PRESENT

INDUCTOR
NEXT TIME

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