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Fire Alarm System Basics

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Fire Alarm Systems

Overview
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Fire Alarm Systems - Purpose

• To protect LIFE and PROPERTY by giving
early warning of a fire so that the occupants
can evacuate and the Fire Department can
respond.
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Fire Alarm Systems - Types

• Municipal Systems
• Building Systems
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Municipal System Components

• Street Boxes
• Local Energy Master Boxes
• Shunt Trip Master Boxes
• Radio Master Boxes
• (DACT) Digital Alarm
Communicator Transmitter
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Building System - Purposes

• Notify Occupants
– All occupants simultaneously
• General Alarm
– Occupants in the most immediate danger
• Selective Alarm
– Key Building Personnel
• Pre-Alarm or Stage 1/Stage 2
• Notify the Fire Department
• Perform Supplementary Functions
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NFPA System Types

• Protective Signaling Systems . . .
– Local
– Auxiliary
– Remote Station
– Proprietary
• Emergency Voice Communications System
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Building System Components

• Control Unit or Panel
• Initiating Devices and Circuits
• Notification Appliances and Circuits
• Power Supply
• Auxiliary Circuits & Devices (Optional)
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Building Control Panel

• Main Operator Interface
• Supervises System Components & Circuits
• Includes System Power Supply
• Provides Additional Keypads for Servicing
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Initiating Device Circuits

• Supervised for opens, shorts and/or grounds
• Provide input from monitoring devices
(detectors)
• Hard-wired or addressable
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Initiating Devices
• Types
– Manual
– Automatic
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Manual Initiating Devices

• Non-Coded vs. Coded
• General Alarm vs. Presignal
• Single-Action vs. Double-Action
FIRE ALARM

PULL DOWN

SIMPLEX
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Automatic Initiating Devices

• Classification by Combustion Product
– Smoke
– Heat
– Flame
– Combination Smoke/Heat
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Automatic Initiating Devices

• Classification by Physical Arrangement
– Line-Type
– Spot-Type
– Duct Smoke Detector
– Single Station Smoke Detector
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Automatic Initiating Devices

• Classification by Operating Modes
– Restorable vs. Non-restorable
– Conventional vs. Analog
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Smoke Detectors/Sensors

• Spot-Type
– Photoelectric
– Ionization
• Line-Type
– Projected or Linear Beam Detectors
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Heat Detectors/Sensors

• Fixed Temperature
• Rate Compensation
• Rate-of-Rise
• Combination Fixed Temp/R-O-R
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Flame Detectors/Sensors
• Ultraviolet
• Infrared
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Sprinkler System Monitor

Devices
• Water Flow
• Pressure
• Valve Position Monitoring
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Notification Appliances

•Purpose - To notify the occupants of the building to

evacuate because of an emergency situation
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Notification Appliance Circuits

• Supervised for opens, shorts and/or grounds
• Provide output to notification devices
(signals)
• Usually Hard-wired or addressable
• Provides Coded and Non-Coded outputs
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Notification Appliance Devices

• Audible
– Vibrating Bells
– Single-Stroke Bells
– Horns
– Speakers
– Sirens
– Chimes
• Visible
– Strobes (ADA)
– Rotating Beacons
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Evacuation Signaling
• Coded vs. Non-Coded • Textual vs. Non-
– On Steady Textual
– Temporal – PNIS Code
– March Time – Coded Input
– Califirnioa Code
– Master Code
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Emergency Voice/Alarm
Systems
• Live Voice Communications
• Pre-Recorded Voice Messages
• Pre-Recorded Tones
• Firefighter’s Telephone System
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Power Supplies
• Types
– Primary - AC Power
– Secondary - Standby Batteries or Emergency
Generator
• Typical Battery Requirements - 24 to 60
hours under standby condition with enough
power to evacuate for 5 to 15 minutes
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Auxiliary Circuits and Devices

• Smoke Control
• Building Pressurization
• Elevator Capture or Recall
• Door Holder Release
• Agent Discharge
• Annunciation
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Annunciator Types
• Local vs. Remote
• Point-Wired vs. Serial
• Incandescent
• LED ZONE 1

• LCD
• Graphic
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Simplex Hard-Wired Systems

• 4004 / 4005 Fire Alarm System
– Small Building Applications
– 2 to 32 IDCs
– 2 to 16 or more NAC
– City Circuit
– 2 Auxiliary Relay Outputs
– Field Programmable. . .
• Alarm Verification
• Walk Test
• Non-Textual Coding
• Signal Silence Inhibit
• Alarm Signal Cut-Out
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Simplex Addressable Systems

• 4100U System
– Medium to Large Building Applications
– Up to 2000 Hardware Points
– LCD Alpha-Numeric Display
– Emergency Voice Communications
– Fire Fighter’s Phone
– Field Programmable (Flash Prom)
• Laptop Computer
• Custom Programming
– 2120 Transponder
– 4120 Network Interface
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Simplex Network Systems

• 4120 Network Systems...
– 4010
– 4020
– 4100 Family
– Network Display Unit (NDU)
– Network Voice Command Center (NVCC)
– Graphic Command Center (GCC)
– Network Processing Unit (NPU)
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Simplex Fire Alarm Systems...

...Simply The Best !

Simplex
Inspection & Testing
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TEPG – US
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