INDIVIDUAL

DIFFERENCES
FACTOR
PRESENTED: JESSICA T .RAMOS
REFERENCE: PSYCNET.APA.ORG
WHAT IS INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES ?

• Individual differences are an essential aspect of human psychology,

encompassing variations in traits, abilities, behaviors, and preferences among
individuals. These differences can be influenced by a combination of genetic,
environmental, cultural, and situational factors, contributing to the uniqueness of
each person. Understanding individual differences helps psychologists tailor
interventions, educational strategies, and organizational practices to better
accommodate diverse needs and promote personal growth and well-being.
• “Individual differences are found in all psychological characteristics
physical mental abilities, knowledge, habit , personality and character
traits”. ( Woodworth , R.S. and Marquis ,D.G.)

“ Variationor deviations from the average of the group, with respect to

the mental or physical characters , occurring in the individual member
of the group are individual differences “ ( Drever James)
THREE MAJOR PRINCIPLES OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES

1.Knowledge, Skill, and Ability:

1. This principle focuses on variations in cognitive and physical domains. It
encompasses factors such as:
2. Cognitive Abilities: Differences in intelligence, problem-solving skills, memory,
and learning capacity.
3. Physical Abilities: Variations in physical strength, agility, coordination, and
sensory abilities.
 THREE MAJOR PRINCIPLES OF INDIVIDUAL
DIFFERENCES

2. Personality Traits:
• Personality plays a significant role in individual differences. Some key personality
attributes include:
• Integrity: The degree to which a person adheres to moral and ethical principles.
• Emotional Intelligence: The ability to recognize, understand, and manage emotions effectively.
• Stable Motivational Attributes: These include achievement motivation (desire for success), core self-
evaluations (self-worth, self-confidence), and creativity.
• Vocational Interests: People have different preferences and inclinations toward specific career paths
or field.
 THREE MAJOR PRINCIPLES OF INDIVIDUAL
DIFFERENCES

3.Narcissism, Psychopathy, and Machiavellianism:

• These three dimensions often correlate with each other:
• Narcissism: Characterized by excessive self-love, a need for admiration, and a lack
of empathy.
• Psychopathy: Associated with antisocial behavior, impulsivity, and a lack of remorse.
• Machiavellianism: Refers to manipulative tendencies, strategic thinking, and a focus
on personal gain.