Cold water supply

Cold Water
Supply

Direct Indirect

Direct System Indirect System

• Normally found in rural area
settlement which do not have
proper water supply networking
• Directly connected to the fittings
such as kitchen tap
• All fittings and components such as
taps, tank, shower, basin will be
supplied with water from the storage
cistern in a house.
• Clean water is directly supplied from
the main pipe to cater the minimum
usage in kitchen such as drinking
water
Direct Water Supply
Direct Cold Water Supply
 For efficient operation, a
high pressure water
supply is essential
particularly at periods of
peak demand.
 Drinking water is
available at every draw-
off point and
maintenance valves
should be fitted to isolate
each section of pipework.
Indirect Water Supply
 Indirect Water Supply
 Indirect system of cold water supply has
only one drinking water outlet, at the
sink.
 The cold water storage cistern has a
minimum capacity of 230 liters, for
location in the roof space.
 In addition to normal supply function, it
provides an adequate emergency
storage in event of water main failure.
 The systems requires more pipework
than the direct system and more
expensive, but uniform pressure occurs
at all cistern-supplied outlets.
 The water authorities prefer this system
because less demand on the main and
fewer fittings attached to the main.
Indirect Water Supply
Indirect Water Supply
Cistern Requirement
Cistern Requirement
Cistern Requirement
Water Supply Systems
in Highrise Buildings STORAGE
CISTERN

Differences between water

supply system in lower
building and higher building
are:

 the use of pump in high

buildings BREAK
PRESSURE
 the meter installation CISTERN

 the position of storage

cistern and suction
cistern
 different pipe sizes
 special valves

SUCTION
CISTERN
Components STORAGE

Pump Installation CISTERN

FEED CISTERN
 is needed while the pressure in the main
pipe is insufficient to supply the water to
the whole building
 is used to pump water from suction INDIVIDUA
L
cistern to storage cistern CISTERN

 unifying the water pressure

 is more than one as a stand-by system
while the other not working properly
 drinking water is not supplied directly
from the main pipe but from the cistern BREAK
on the rooftop PRESSURE
CISTERN
 uses auto pneumatic pressure vessel to
rise the water to upper levels
 water is supplied by the storage cistern
in every 10 floors for highrise building

SUCTION CISTERN
Components STORAGE

Meter Installation FEED CISTERN

CISTERN

 bulk meter is installed with sub-meter

for individual reading especially for
apartment building
INDIVIDUA
 bulk meter is placed before suction L
CISTERN
cistern to control the water flow
 fire pipe meter is provided in highrise
which its reading is separated from
the domestic meter
BREAK

Tanks
PRESSURE
CISTERN

 Suction cistern has to be store more

than 1/3 of water daily use
 Storage cistern has to be store at least
2/3 of the water

SUCTION CISTERN
Types of Systems

Water supply for a highrise can divided into 2

types:-

a) Down-feed distribution
b) Up-feed distribution
Down-feed
distribution STORAGE
CISTERN

 A storage water tank

is needed on rooftop
or a main water tank
in order to distribute
to whole building.
 Water tank from main
pipe only go to
kitchen and to main
water tank.
 Advantage :- water
pressure will be
always the same.
SUCTION CISTERN
Up-feed
distribution

• Need a pump in order to

increase the pressure for
water to goes up to
upper part of building.
• There is no main water
tank or storage cistern
on rooftop ( meter
cistern ) to distribute
water to the whole
building.

SUCTION SUCTION
CISTERN CISTERN
WATER MAIN
Water Supply For
Building < 5 Storeys STORAGE
CISTERN

• An internal pump is needed to give

extra pressure, if the pump from main
pipe cannot cater the efficient pressure.
• This system will be applied if system
gravity cannot cater to distribute to each
unit in the building.
• If there is the commercial unit at lower
part of building, system gravity will
cater for lower part and internal pump
cater to supply water to the upper floor
( residential ).
• This distribution system divided
between distribution pipe for drinking
and water distribution pipe for each
unit( others purpose ) .

SUCTION
CISTERN
Water Supply For
Building > 5 Storeys STORAGE
CISTERN
FEED CISTERN

 A break tank is needed at central part of the

building
 To ensure the water supply distribute to
INDIVIDUAL
every unit when water pressure not enough CISTERN
 Water from main pipes will be pumped to
storage water tank at the middle of building
and rooftop storage water tank.
 pneumatic pump will be used in the system
for cater the drinking purpose at the upper
floor unit.
 Distribution pipe can divided into 2 types:- BREAK
PRESSURE
-Distribution pipe to kitchen’s CISTERN

( drinking purpose )
-Distribution pipe to sanitary component
i.e.:- basin and shower.

SUCTION CISTERN
Pneumatic Boosting For Cold Water System
24
System for raising water to flats
25
System for raising water for highrise building
26
~End of Class~