John Dryden

Theory

Abdur Romsi (2288103010)

Lulia Dwi Nurmala ( 2288103013)
Introduction to John Dryden
Life and Work:
Born in 1631, John Dryden became one of the most important figures in
English literature during the Restoration period. His work includes a
diverse range of genres, from poetry and plays to criticism. Dryden's
style and innovations significantly influenced the literary trends of his
time.
Significance:
As a literary figure, Dryden is known for his sophisticated use of
language and for introducing new forms and structures in poetry and
drama. His criticism helped shape the standards and tastes of his era.
 Historical Context
17th Century England:
This was a time of immense political and social upheaval. The English
Civil War (1642-1651), the Interregnum, and the Restoration in 1660
were significant events that influenced all aspects of life, including
literature.
Influence on Literature:
These events created a climate of uncertainty and change, reflected in
the literature of the time. Authors grappled with themes of authority,
power, and morality, often under censorship and political pressures.
 Dryden's Literary Works
Major Works:
Some of Dryden's key works include "Absalom and Achitophel," a
political allegory; "Mac Flecknoe," a satirical poem; and his plays like "All
for Love.“
Contribution to Literature:
Each work showcased his mastery of language and his ability to blend
criticism with creativity. His works are often studied for their political
commentary and reflection of contemporary society.
 Dryden's Literary Theory -
Neoclassicism
Neoclassicism Defined:
This movement sought to return to the classical ideals of order, logic, and
restraint. It was influenced by the literature and art of ancient Greece
and Rome.
Dryden's Role:
Dryden was instrumental in popularizing Neoclassicism in England. His
writings often emphasized reason, clarity, and decorum, which were
hallmarks of this movement.
 Dryden's Views on Poetry
Definition of Poetry:
For Dryden, poetry was an elevated form of expression, meant to both
delight and instruct. He believed in the Aristotelian concept of mimesis –
art as an imitation of nature.
Characteristics of Good Poetry:
He advocated for poetic works that were harmonious in form, morally
instructive, and stylistically elegant. His own poetry often reflected these
ideals.
 Dryden's Critique of Shakespeare
Opinions on Shakespeare:
Dryden admired Shakespeare's natural genius but criticized his disregard
for the classical unities and his sometimes-unrefined use of language.
Controversy:
These critiques sparked debate, as Shakespeare was revered by many.
Dryden's criticisms were part of a broader discussion on the balance
between classical adherence and creative freedom.
 Dryden's Impact on English
Literature
Influence on Writers:
Dryden's influence is seen in the works of later writers who adopted his
emphasis on reason and moral instruction. His impact extended beyond
his lifetime, influencing the development of criticism and literary theory.
Legacy:
Dryden's legacy lies in his versatile contributions to English literature,
encompassing his poetic style, innovations in drama, and his critical
essays that helped shape literary discourse.
 Conclusion
John Dryden was a prominent figure in 17th-century English literature,
known for his diverse works and critical essays. His writings reflected the
complexities of his time, with political allegory and social commentary
intertwined with artistic expression. Dryden advocated for a return to
classical ideals of order, logic, and restraint, and his impact on
subsequent generations of writers shaped literary criticism and theory.
His legacy offers insights into the evolution of English literature and the
enduring influence of Neoclassicism.
 References :

John Dryden: A Literary Life" by James Anderson Winn offer detailed insights
John Dryden: The Politics of Style By Jeffrey Hart|July 18th, 2023|
Categories: Art, Conservatism, Culture, Order, Poetry, T.S. Eliot, Timeless
Essays|Tags: 1MA, Jeffrey Hart
https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Dryden
Dryden's Heroic Epic Theory Peter L. Staffel
Thank you !