Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Cen 304 Module 6 Beam Column
Cen 304 Module 6 Beam Column
Cen 304 Module 6 Beam Column
• 3. MOMENT AMPLIFICATION
• 3.1 The presence of axial load produces secondary moments and unless the
axial load is relatively small, these additional moments must be accounted
for.
• 3.2 Given a beam-column with an axial load and a transverse uniform load,
at an arbitrary point O, the bending moment is due to:
• 3.2.1. Moment M due to uniform load
• 3.2.2. Additional ( secondary) moment Py, caused by the axial load acting at
an eccentricity y from the longitudinal axis. This secondary moment is
largest where the deflection is largest. The largest moment will occur at the
centerline where total moment is Mt = wl2/8 + Pδ.
CEN 304-BEAM-COLUMNS
•
CEN 304-BEAM-COLUMNS
• 3. MOMENT AMPLIFICATION
• 3.3 The additional moment causes an additional deflection over and
above that resulting from the transverse load.
• 3.4 The total deflection cannot be found directly and this problem is
non-linear, and without knowing the deflection , we cannot compute
the moment.
• 3.5 Ordinary structural analysis method that do not take into account
the displaced geometry are referred to as first-order methods.
• 3.6 Iterative numerical techniques called second-order methods can
be used to find deflection and secondary moments.
CEN 304-BEAM-COLUMNS
• 3.MOMENT AMPLIFICATION
• 3.7 Most current design codes and specifications including AISC
Specification, permit the use of either second order analysis or the
moment amplification method.
• 3.8 The Moment Amplification Method:
• 3.8.1. Computing the maximum bending moment resulting from
flexural loading ( transverse loads or member end moments) by a first
order analysis.
• 3.8.2. Multiplying the maximum moment in 1. by a moment
amplification factor to account for the secondary moment.
CEN 304-BEAM-COLUMNS
• 3. MOMENT AMPLIFICATION
• 3.9 Moment Amplification Factor:
• Given the simply supported member with axial load and an initial
out-of-straightness.
• The initial crookedness is approximated by:
•
•
• The moment curvature relationship is
•
CEN 304-BEAM-COLUMNS
• 3. MOMENT AMPLIFICATION
• 3.9 Moment Amplification Factor
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
CEN 304-BEAM-COLUMNS
• 3. MOMENT AMPLIFICATION
• 3.9 Moment Amplification Factor
• Maximum moment occurs at x=L/2
•
•
•
•
•
CEN 304-BEAM-COLUMNS
• 3. MOMENT AMPLIFICATION
• 3.9 Moment Amplification Factor:
• Member deflection corresponds to a buckled shape
• The axial load corresponds to a failure load( load corresponding to an
LRFD formulation). The amplification factor should be written:
• LRFD:
•
•
CEN 304-BEAM-COLUMNS
• 4. BRACED VS. UNBRACED FRAMES
• 4.1 AISC two moment amplification factors are used:
• 4.1.1 To account for amplification resulting from member
deflection
• 4.1.2. To account for the effect of sway when the member is
part of an unbraced frame.
CEN 304-BEAM-COLUMNS
• 4. BRACED VS. UNBRACED FRAMES
• 4.2 If the member is restrained against side-sway, the maximum
secondary moment is Pδ which is added to the moment within the
member.
• 4.3 If the frame is actually unbraced, the secondary moment has a
maximum value PΔ, which represent an amplification of the end
moment.
CEN 304-BEAM-COLUMNS
• 4. BRACED VS. UNBRACED FRAMES
CEN 304-BEAM-COLUMNS
• 4. BRACED VS. UNBRACED FRAMES
• 4.4 To approximate these two effects, two amplification factors B1 and B2
are used for the two types of moments.
• 4.5 The amplified moment to be used in design is computed from the
loads and moments as follows: (for each axis about which there are
moments)
• ,
•
•
•
CEN 304-BEAM-COLUMNS
• 4. BRACED VS. UNBRACED FRAMES
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
CEN 304-BEAM-COLUMNS
• 4. BRACED VS. UNBRACED FRAMES
•
•
CEN 304-BEAM-COLUMNS
• 5. MEMBERS IN BRACED FRAMES
• 5.1 Single Curvature Bending :
• 5.1.1 Maximum moment amplification occurs at the center
where deflection is largest.
• 5.1.2 For equal end moments, moment is constant throughout
the length of the member , maximum primary moment also occurs
at the center. The maximum primary moment and secondary
moment are additive
• 5.1.3 Even if end moment are not equal, as long as they are of
opposite sense, there will be single curvature bending and
maximum primary and secondary moments will be near each other
CEN 304-BEAM-COLUMNS
• 5. MEMBERS IN BRACED FRAMES
CEN 304-BEAM-COLUMNS
• 5. MEMBERS IN BRACED FRAMES
• 5.2 Reverse Curvature Bending:
• 5.2.1 Applied end moments produce reverse curvature bending
( both end moments are with the same sense)
• 5.2.2 Maximum primary moment is at one of the ends
• 5.2.3 Maximum moment amplification occurs between the
ends.
• 5.2.4 Depending on the value of axial load P, the amplified
moment can be either larger or smaller than the end moment.
CEN 304-BEAM-COLUMNS
• 5. MEMBERS IN BRACED FRAMES
• 5.2 Reverse Curvature Bending:
•
CEN 304-BEAM-COLUMNS
• 5. MEMBERS IN BRACED FRAMES
• 5.3 The maximum moment in a beam-column therefore depends on
the distribution of the moment within the member.
• 5.4 This distribution is accounted for by the factor applied to the
amplification factor
• 5.5 The amplification factor was derived for worst case so will never
be greater than 1.0
CEN 304-BEAM-COLUMNS
• 5. MEMBERS IN BRACED FRAMES
• 5.6 The final form of amplification factor is :
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
CEN 304-BEAM-COLUMNS
• 5. MEMBERS IN BRACED FRAMES
• 5.6 The final form of moment amplification:
• The required compressive strength has a contribution from P-∆
effect and is given by
•
• where
•
•
•
• 5.7 The moment of inertia I and effective length factor K1 are for axis
of bending and K1 =1.0 unless a more accurate value is computed
CEN 304-BEAM-COLUMNS
• 5. MEMBERS IN BRACED FRAMES
• 5.8 Evaluation of Cm
• 5.8.1 The factor Cm applies only to the braced condition
• 5.8.2 There are two categories of members:
• 5.8.2.1. Those with no transverse loads applied
between the ends
• 5.8.2.2 Those with transverse loads
CEN 304-BEAM-COLUMNS
• 5. MEMBERS IN BRACED FRAMES
• 5.8 Evaluation of Cm
CEN 304-BEAM-COLUMNS
• 5. MEMBERS IN BRACED FRAMES
• 5.8 Evaluation of Cm
• 5.8.2 There are two categories of members:
• 5.8.2.1. Those with no transverse loads applied between the
ends
•
•
•
•
•
CEN 304-BEAM-COLUMNS
• 5. MEMBERS IN BRACED FRAMES
• 5.8 Evaluation of Cm
•
CEN 304-BEAM-COLUMNS