DONE BY:

GENERATION OF R AKSHAYA
LAKSHMI
COMPUTERS V "C"
 DONE BY:
R. AKSHAYA LAKSHMI
5TH STANDARD
THANK
C SECTION
YOU!
COMPUTERS AND THEIR GENERATIONS
 In the present era every aspect of human life
has been influenced by the most advanced
machine known as Computers.
 The term "Computer" has been derived from
the word ,"Compute" which means to
calculate. A Computer is a versatile device that
can handle many different applications at the
same time.
 The development of the computer came
from right from different calculating machines
right from Abacus , many devices
were invented , leading to development of
computers.
 FIRST GENERATION OF COMPUTERS

 First Generation of Computers (1940-1956)

 The first generation of computers were based on the use of vaccum tubes.
 They used magnetic tapes to store data.
 These computers relied on machine language to perform any operation and could solve only
one problem at a time.
 Input was based on punched cards and paper tapes. Output was taken on printouts.
 These computers were slow, expensive and Large in size, andconsumed a large amount of
energy. For example: UNIVAC,ENIAC, and EDVAC.
FIRST GENERATION OF COMPUTERS
 First Generation of Computers (1940-1956)
 The first generation of computers were based on the use of
vaccum tubes.
 They used magnetic tapes to store data.
 These computers relied on machine language to perform
any operation and could solve only one problem at a time.
 Input was based on punched cards and paper tapes. Output
was taken on printouts.
 These computers were slow, expensive and Large in size,
and consumed a large amount of energy. For example:
UNIVAC,ENIAC, and EDVAC.
SECOND GENERATION OF COMPUTERS
 Second Generation of Computers (1956-1963)
 The second-generation computers used transistors in place of vacuum tubes.
 Like the first-generation, these computers relied on magnetic tapes.
 Second-generation computers moved from machine language to assembly language, which
allowed the programmers to specify the instructions in words. Some high-level languages,
such as Fortran, Cobol, Basic came into existence in this generation. These are called early
third-generation languages.
 Punched cards and paper tapes were used as input devices, and output was presented through
the printouts.
 These computers were faster, cheaper, smaller, and more efficient than the computers of first-
generation. For example: IBM 1400, IBM 350. etc
 SECOND GENERATION OF COMPUTERS
 Second Generation of Computers (1956-1963)
 The second-generation computers used transistors in place of
vacuum tubes.
 Like the first-generation, these computers relied on magnetic tapes.
 Second-generation computers moved from machine language to
assembly language, which allowed the programmers to specify the
instructions in words. Some high-level languages, such as Fortran,
Cobol, Basic came into existence in this generation. These are
called early third-generation languages.
 Punched cards and paper tapes were used as input devices, and
output was presented through the printouts.
 These computers were faster, cheaper, smaller, and more efficient
than the computers of first-generation. For example: IBM 1400,
IBM 350. etc
THIRD GENERATION OF COMPUTERS
 Third Generation of Computers (1964-1971)
 Integrated circuits (ICs) were used as the main technology in these computers.
 Magnetic disks were used for the storage.
 PASCAL, RPG, and some other high-level languages came into use during this time.
 These computers were small in size, had huge storage capacity, higher calculating speed, and
reliability than the previous generation of computers.
 Keyboard was used as an input device, whereas monitors and printers were used as the output
devices.
 IBM System 360, Apple 1, Altair are some of the examples of the third-generation computers.
THIRD GENERATION OF COMPUTERS
 Third Generation of Computers (1964-1971)
 Integrated circuits (ICs) were used as the main
technology in these computers.
 Magnetic disks were used for the storage.
 PASCAL, RPG, and some other high-level language
came into use during this time.
 These computers were small in size, had huge
storage capacity, higher calculating speed, and
reliability than the previous generation of computers
 Keyboard was used as an input device, whereas
monitors and printers were used as the output
devices.
 IBM System 360, Apple 1, Altair are some of the
 THIRD GENERATION OF COMPUTERS
 Third Generation of Computers (1964-1971)
 Integrated circuits (ICs) were used as the main technology in these
computers.
 Magnetic disks were used for the storage.
 PASCAL, RPG, and some other high-level languages came into use during
this time.
 These computers were small in size, had huge storage capacity, higher
calculating speed, and reliability than the previous generation of computers.
 Keyboard was used as an input device, whereas monitors and printers were
used as the output devices.
 IBM System 360, Apple 1, Altair are some of the examples of the third-
generation computers.
FOURTH GENERATION OF COMPUTERS
 Fourth Generation of Computers (1972-Present)
 The fourth-generation computers, i.e., the present-day computers, are based on Very Large Scale
Integrated (VLSIC) circuits called microprocessors.
 They use high-capacity magnetic disks to store data.
 In this generation, the input is done through a keyboard, mouse, scanner, etc.
 Besides monitors and printers, various new devices, such as plotters and speakers have evolved
as output devices during this generation.
 These computers can be linked together to share storage capacity, space, data, etc.
 The use of microprocessors resulted in decreased size and increased efficiency
 These computers are portable, reliable, and the cheapest among all the other generations.
 Some of the examples are Apple Macintosh, IBM PC, etc.
 FOURTH GENERATION OF COMPUTERS
 Fourth Generation of Computers (1972-Present)
 The fourth-generation computers, i.e., the present-day computers, are based on
Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSIC) circuits called microprocessors.
 They use high-capacity magnetic disks to store data.
 In this generation, the input is done through a keyboard, mouse, scanner, etc.
 Besides monitors and printers, various new devices, such as plotters and speakers
have evolved as output devices during this generation.
 These computers can be linked together to share storage capacity, space, data, etc.
 The use of microprocessors resulted in decreased size and increased efficiency
 These computers are portable, reliable, and the cheapest among all the other
generations.
 Some of the examples are Apple Macintosh, IBM PC, etc.
FIFTH GENERATION OF COMPUTERS
 Fifth Generation of Computers (Present and Beyond)
 Fifth-generation computers involve Artificial Intelligence (Al), where computers can think
and react in the same way as humans do.
 These computers are still in development, though there are some applications, such as voice
recognition that is being used today. The goal of the fifth-generation computing is to develop
devices that respond to natural language input and imitate human reasoning.