ABE 109: AB Power Engineering

BIOMASS ENERGY
PRESENTED BY:
Mary Ann Jasmen G. Enojas
Jiry Grace M. Andres
Joy B. Castor
Jamaica Dela Cruz
John Kian C. Pantalita
 Sources of Biomass Resource
A

Thermal Conversion Process

B

Topic Outline C Biological Conversion Process

Chemical Conversion Process

D

E Uses of Biomass Converted

Products
Introduction to
Biomass Energy
 Introduction
What is Biomass Energy?

Biomass is defined as organic matter – especially

plant matter – that can be converted to fuel and is
regarded as a potential energy source..
Sources of Biomass
Resource
Here's what you need to know:

Biomass resources that are available

on a renewable basis and are used
either directly as a fuel or converted
to another form or energy product are
commonly referred to as “feedstocks”.
 Dedicated Energy Crops

Dedicated energy crops are non-food crops that

can be grown on marginal land (land not
suitable for traditional crops like corn and
soybeans) specifically to provide biomass.
These breakdown into two general categories:
herbaceous and woody.
 Agricultural Crop
Residue
Agricultural crop residues, which include the
stalks and leaves, are abundant, diverse, and
widely distributed across the United States.
Examples include corn stover, wheat straw, oat
straw, barley straw, sorghum stubble, and rice
straw.
 Wood and Forestry Residues

Forest biomass feedstocks fall into one of two

categories: forest residues left after logging
timber (including limbs, tops, and culled trees
and tree components that would be otherwise
unmerchantable) or whole-tree biomass
harvested explicitly for biomass.
 Algae
Algae as feedstocks for bioenergy refers to a
diverse group of highly productive organisms
that include microalgae, macroalgae (seaweed),
and cyanobacteria (formerly called “blue-green
algae”). Many use sunlight and nutrients to
create biomass, which contains key components
that can be converted and upgraded to a variety
of biofuels and products.
 Sorted Municipal Waste

MSW resources include mixed commercial and

residential garbage, such as yard trimmings,
paper and paperboard, plastics, rubber, leather,
textiles, and food wastes. MSW for bioenergy
also represents an opportunity to reduce
residential and commercial waste by diverting
significant volumes from landfills to refinery.
 Animal Manure

Through processes like anaerobic digestion, it

can be converted into biogas, a renewable
energy source. Utilizing animal manure as
biomass helps in waste management, reduces
environmental impact, and contributes to
sustainable energy practices.
Thermal Conversion
Process
Thermal Conversion Process

Thermal conversion involves using heat to

transform organic materials into various
forms of energy.
 Combustion
Burning biomass directly to produce heat or
convert water into steam, which can then drive
turbines for electricity generation.
 Gasification
Subjecting biomass to high temperatures in a
low-oxygen environment to produce a
combustible gas (syngas). Syngas can be used
for electricity generation or converted into
biofuels.
 Pyrolysis
Applying heat in the absence of oxygen to
decompose biomass into bio-oil, biochar, and
gases. Bio-oil can be used as a liquid fuel, and
biochar can be used as a soil amendment.
Biological Conversion
Process
Biological Conversion Process

Biological conversion involves using

living organisms, such as bacteria, yeast or
enzymes, to convert organic materials into
energy or valuable products.
 Anaerobic
Digestion
Microorganisms break down organic matter
in the absence of oxygen, producing biogas
as a byproduct. This biogas, primarily
composed of methane, can be used for
electricity generation or as a heating fuel.
 Fermentation
Microorganisms, typically yeast or
bacteria, metabolize sugars in biomass
to produce biofuels like ethanol.
Ethanol can be used as a renewable fuel
or transportation.
Chemical Conversion
Process
Chemical Conversion
Process

Chemical conversion involves using various

chemical processes to transform organic
materials into energy or valuable products.
 Gasification

In this process, biomass is heated in the

absence of oxygen, leading to the
decomposition of organic matter. This
results in the formation of bio-oil,
biochar, and gases.

Pyrolysis
Biomass is subjected to high temperatures in a controlled environment with limited oxygen or
steam. This produces syngas, a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. Syngas can be
utilized for electricity generation or further processed into biofuels and chemicals.
USES OF BIOMASS
CONVERTED
PRODUCTS
Biomass Converted Products

Biomass converted products refer to

materials or energy sources obtained
through various processes applied to
biomass.
Biofuel
Liquid fuels such as bioethanol and bio-oil derived
from biomass can be used as renewable alternatives
to traditional fossil fuels for transportation and
heating.

Biogas
Produced through anaerobic digestion,
biogas (mostly methane) serves as a
renewable energy source for electricity
generation, heating, and cooking.
 Biochar
A byproduct of pyrolysis, biochar is a carbon-rich
material used as a soil amendment to enhance soil
fertility, water retention, and carbon sequestration.

Syngas
Generated from gasification, syngas can be
utilized for electricity and heat production,
or further processed into biofuels and
chemicals.